The relationship between hygroscopicity and the microsurface of heated wood was examined using the fractal surface dimensionality. The hygroscopicity of heated wood decreased with the increase in heating temperature to 250°C, and then decreased again above 350°C after increasing up to 350°C. This change corresponded to chemical changes in the wood, especially a reduction in hydroxyl groups, up to 250°C, and to the temperature dependence of the fractal dimensionality calculated from nitrogen gas adsorption above 250°C. The fractal dimensionality increased gradually from 100 to 250°C, followed by a rapid increase above 250°C with a peak at 350°C, and leveled off above 400°C. From the results, it is concluded that hygroscopicity of heated wood changes at 250°C and that it is dependent upon the chemical properties of wood below 250°C and upon the surface complexity above 250°C.

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We report on a case of an 80‐year‐old male with autopsy‐confirmed biliary cystadenocarcinoma. The tumor's growth was followed up for five years. CT findings on first admission revealed that the cyst walls of the tumor were smooth. However, a CT taken four years later showed large cysts with irregular walls which were growing invasively and expanding beyond the liver. The patient died of liver dysfunction caused by obstructive jaundice due to the liver tumor, and an autopsy was performed. Histologic examination of the autopsy material revealed a multilocular tumor that was identified as being a biliary cystadenocarcinoma and microscopic lung metastases were seen. The character of the multilocular cyst with septations covered by papillary proliferation of atypical columnar epithelium and many remaining portions with low grade dysplasia led us to suspect the tumor was derived from a cystadenoma.

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ABSTRACT:The impact fatigue behavior of laminated wood bonded with water based polymer-isocyanate resin (WPI) and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin (RF) was investigated. The number of cyclic blows to failure (N b ) for laminated wood was lower than that for solid wood. For laminated wood, N b showed a significant decrease with an increase in temperature, while for solid wood, it showed a slight decrease. The fatigue life of laminated wood bonded with WPI was lower than that of RF. For laminated wood bonded with WPI, the ratio of the height of rebound (Q n ) to that of the first rise (P n ), which was evaluated from an impact stress wave, remained constant and then gradually decreased before failure. This indicates that the energy consumed by heating increased before failure because the cured WPI has viscosity. For RF, Q n /P n remained constant immediately before failure because cured RF is rigid. At a lower test temperature, the fracture surface almost entirely comprised the wood. As the temperature increased, the laminated wood fractured predominately in the adhesive layer. This could be attributed to a decrease in the rigidities of WPI and RF. The impact fatigue behavior of laminated wood is related to the mechanical properties of the adhesives.