More than 200,000 tons of scallop shells are disposed annually alone in Japan. 1 Nanoparticles derived from scallop shells have the potential to adsorb gaseous 2 formaldehyde; therefore such discarded shells have now been tested as additive filler in 3 plywood adhesive by mixing high specific surface area, urea-modified shell nanoparticles 4 with a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin; with this procedure it was found that the emission of 5 formaldehyde from the resulting plywood could be substantially reduced. The 6 urea-modified scallop shell nanoparticles were prepared by two different methods: (i) by a 7 dry method in which the shells were treated with planetary ball-grinding under ambient 8 conditions -a completely dried powder was obtained after addition of the 9 surface-modifying urea solution; (ii) by a moist method by treating dry-ground shell 10 particles in a wet grinding process with the urea solution, followed by the use of 11 centrifugation to obtain a paste. The specific surface area of the nanoparticles obtained by 12 both treatments was 42 ± 3 m 2 /g. Measurement of the subsequent formaldehyde emission 13showed that the addition of the modified scallop shell nanoparticles substantially reduced 14 the formaldehyde emission from plywood; the reduction depends from the specific mass 15 uptake of urea on the nanoparticles which especially was the case when resins containing 16 nanoparticles processed by the moist method were used. 17 18

This is the first experiment to demonstrate that GO effectively prevents formaldehyde emission from UF resin.

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