Based on the VIB model and the similarity of VIB two parameters cohesive force law at micro scale and the rock’s stress-strain curve at macro scale, a density evoluting function D(θ) about the elements softened and damaged at micro scale is proposed. The fracture informations of rock material are incorporated into the constitutive equations which in incorporating the density revolving function D(θ) , two kinds state of the elements—air element and solid element are proposed to describe the process of micro element. According to the consistence hypothesis between AE accumulations and the damaged elements, the AE simulation of rock fracture process is realized. The reasonableness of meso-damaged VIB analysis for whole failure process of rock is proved by a rock’s uniaxial compression test.

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This study intends to investigate the mechanism by how microRNA (miRNA)-23b alleviates kidney damage in septic rats. Herein, septic rat model, control group and sham-operated model were set up to assess kidney tissue damage. Tissues were extracted from the rats and isolated into cells. Then cells were transfected with plasmids expressing miR-23b followed by analysis of the expression of miR-23b, Smad3, TLR4, HMGB1 and autophagy-related proteins (LC3, beclin-1) by western blot and RT-qPCR. The level of TNF-α, IL-6 and BUN and SCr were elevated in the model group and decreased after upregulation of miR-23b with increased LC3-II, Smad3 and Beclin-1 expression. miR-23b mimic group showed highest miR-23b expression followed by miR-23b NC group and miR-23b inhibitor group. The levels of TLR4, and HMGB1 and positive rate of NF-κBp65 in miR-23b mimic group were significantly lower than those in miR-23b inhibitor group (p < 0.05). Importantly, miR-23b directly targeted Smad3 and inhibited its expression. In conclusion, overexpressed miR-23b induces autophagy by promoting Smad3 expression, alleviates kidney damage in septic rats, and reduces inflammation and inactivates NF-κB signaling pathway.

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The high carbon emissions of the construction industry affect China’s sustainable development. Therefore, reducing the carbon emissions of the construction industry is crucial for China to achieve “carbon peak” by 2030 and “carbon neutrality” by 2060. To understand the factors that affect contractors’ willingness to reduce carbon emissions. This study is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and incorporates three potential influencing factors: personal norms (PN), government regulation (GR), and policy support (PS). It constructs a structural equation model (SEM) to predict the influencing factors of carbon emission reduction intentions (CERI) among construction contractors. This study analyzes the key factors and mechanisms influencing construction contractors’ CERI. The study collected 311 valid questionnaires, which are suitable for SEM research, and the results indicate that: The results show that the model proposed in the study has an explanatory rate of 69% for developers’ willingness to reduce carbon emissions. The most significant influencing factor on construction contractors’ CERI is GR, followed by PS, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). PN and behavioral attitude (BA) towards behavior do not significantly impact CERI. SN mediate the relationship between GR and CERI, while PBC mediates the relationship between PS and CERI. The research findings can guide the government and construction contractors to improve carbon emission reduction governance mechanisms and achieve peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.