In most sensor network applications, the information gathered by sensors will be meaningless without the location of the sensor nodes. Node localization has been a topic of active research in recent years. Accurate self-localization capability is highly desirable in wireless sensor network. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based localization(GAL). The proposed genetic algorithm adopts two new genetic operators: single-vertex-neighborhood mutation and the descendbased arithmetic crossover. Four example problems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that our algorithm can achieve higher accurate position estimation than semi-definite programming with gradient search localization (SDPL) [11] and simulated annealing based localization (SAL) [13]. Compared to the usual crossover operator: simple arithmetic crossover, whole arithmetic crossover and single-point crossover, the proposed crossover can obtain a lower mean position error.

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent cellular catabolic mechanism that mediates the turnover of dysfunctional organelles and aggregated proteins. It has a neuroprotective role on neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we hypothesized that autophagy may also have a neuroprotective role in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). In current study, we found that db/db mice display cognitive decline with inferior learning and memory function. The accumulation of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42), which is a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was markedly higher in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cornu ammon1 (CA1), and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of the hippocampus in db/db mice. Moreover, BDNF and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) levels were lower in the hippocampus of db/db mice. However, there was no noticeable differences in the level of apoptosis in the hippocampus between control (CON) mice and db/db mice. Markers of autophagy in the hippocampus were elevated in db/db mice. The expression levels of ATG5, ATG7, and LC3B were higher, and the level of P62 was lower. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, and ATG7 siRNA significantly reversed the activation of autophagy in vitro, which was accompanied with a higher level of apoptosis. Taken together, our current study suggests that diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, and activation of autophagy has a neuroprotective role in DACD.

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With the fast development and wide application of information technology, the problem of how to cultivate highly qualified computer teachers for primary and secondary schools has gained more and more attention. To be a qualified computer teacher, systematic and firm theoretical knowledge in computer science is indispensible, but not enough. High teaching skills and capabilities are also needed. So how to design a practical and effective training system for normal computer majors is very important and meaningful. In this paper, we investigate the issue of professional ability training and evaluation for normal undergraduates majoring in computer science. First, we propose the basic structure of a computer teacher's professional abilities. Then, we discuss the purpose and main contents of the professional ability training as well as the associated approaches. A suggested curriculum for normal computer majors is presented after that. And at last, we propose a set of criteria for professional ability evaluation of the computer majors.

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