Background: A wound is an injury caused by a cut, blow, or any else that typically involves laceration. For the treatment of infections and promoting wound healing, povidone-iodine is usually used but sometimes it can lead to irritation. The researcher would like to develop Lansium domesticum Corr. (duku) seed extract ointment to promote wound healing. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 30 rats which are divided into six groups namely negative control, positive control (povidone-iodine 10%), the experimental group with three different concentration of Lansium domesticum seed extract ointment (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and followed for three days to assess wound size. Approval was acquired by the Research Ethics Committee of the Sriwijaya University Faculty of Medicine, Palembang, Indonesia. In vitro capacity of Lansium domesticum extract also assessed by measuring inhibitory diameter. Results: After three days of treatment, there is a significant difference in wound closure for all groups (p<0.05) except for the negative control group. The best wound closure was found in a 10% extract group with average wound size decreasing by 0.3 cm. For in vitro activity, only 10% Lansium domesticum seed extract ointment which is showing inhibitory zone at 3 mm of diameter. Conclusion: Lansium Domesticum Corr. seed extract ointment has the potency to promote wound healing on rats in addition to its small antimicrobial activity.

Green tea is an herbal plant that has active compounds including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, and antiviral compounds. A previous study, flavonoid compound in tea leaves has been proven as antiviral. The development of effective antiviral drugs against COVID-19 remains a challenge for researchers across the world. A previous study investigated the role of the main protease enzyme (Mpro) which is useful in the viral life cycle as a promising drug target. This study aims to know the potential compounds of green tea leaves as a COVID-19 Mpro inhibitor using molecular docking. 12 compounds and lopinavir were used. Lipinski analysis was carried out to assess potential compounds as a drug. Docking was carried out by Autodock Tools 1.5.6 and Autodock Vina. The visualization was carried out by Discovery Studio v16. The results showed that all compounds compiled the criteria as a drug based on Lipinski rules. Catechin and epicatechin have the same energy bond as lopinavir with a binding energy of -7.1 kcal/mol. Catechin gallate and epicatechin gallate have the strongest energy bond with a binding energy of -9.0 and -8.2 kcal/mol. All compounds bind in the active site of the COVID-19 Mpro so they are competitive inhibitor. Catechin gallate is the strongest inhibitors.

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease worldwide but its treatment can cause serious adverse events. Ethanol extract of peanut shells contains luteolin functioned as its main anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective agent. Apis dorsata honey also contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, especially from Tualang honey type. Both have the potential to reduce inflammation and prevent articular degradation in osteoarthritis.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of peanut shells extract and Apis dorsata honey on matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) level in monosodium iodoacetate-induced (MIA) osteoarthritic rats.Methods: In this in vivo study, female Wistar rats (n=27) were randomly divided to nine groups containing three rats each. Treatment was given to group 1, 2, and 3: Tualang honey (TH) 25% + peanut shells extract (PSE) with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentration; group 4, 5, and 6: TH 50% + PSE with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentration; group 7: diclofenac sodium (positive control); group 8: aquadest (negative control); and group 9: aquadest (normal) for 10 days. We induced knee osteoarthritis by intraarticular injection of MIA in day 4. Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activities were evaluated with MMP-3 ELISA.Results: The mixture of peanut shells extract and Apis dorsata honey significantly reduced MMP-3 level in group 1 (331.12 pg/ml), group 2 (291.73 pg/ml), group 3 (266.58 pg/ml), group 4 (274.15 pg/ml), group 5 (251.12 pg/ml), and group 6 (220.52 pg/ml) after 10 days of treatment. MMP-3 level was also evaluated in group 7 (169.61 pg/ml), group 8 (413.55 pg/ml), and group 9 (39 pg/ml). Compared to the negative control group, treatment and diclofenac groups showed significant effect in reducing MMP-3 level in patello-femoral articular cartilage.Conclusion: Peanut shells extract and Apis dorsata honey showed antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effect by reducing MMP-3 level in MIA-induced osteoarthritic rats.