No abstract

Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service plays an essential part in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of participants and analyze the major factors of HIV infection in VCT in Nantong, China. This study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2015, based on the responses to questionnaires and blood test results retrieved from the Chinese National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Control Information System (CNHCCIS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors related to HIV infection. Differences between first-time testers and repeat testers were assessed using the chi-squared or Fisher test. Over six years, a total of 11,560 VCT participants were included, and 420 cases were confirmed to be HIV-positive. Overall, the annual number of participants was relatively stable with a mean of 1927, while there was a rapid increase in the HIV detection rate (from 1.03% in 2010 to 7.52% in 2015). In multivariate analysis, referral counseling and having a HIV-positive spouse/fixed sex partners were found to be significantly associated with HIV infection among all participants, while being unmarried or divorced, having commercial heterosexual behaviors, and male-male sexual behaviors are additional HIV-related factors for males. Compared to first-time testers, repeat testers were more willing to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and had higher HIV detection rates ( P < 0.001 ). In conclusion, the HIV epidemic in Nantong is still not controlled. Therefore, in the future, it is critical to expand VCT services to increase the detection rate of HIV, which can prevent the transmission of HIV effectively.

Background: The organ donation in China has developed rapidly since fully launched donations after citizens death in 2015. This study was conducted to evaluate how the Chinese general public views changed on deceased organ donation, and to improve the donation process. Methods: A total of 110 eligible studies, including 103, 410 individuals, were selected to analyze through searching PubMed, CBMdisc, CQVIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from Jan 1, 1990 to May 31, 2019. The pooled proportions (and 95% CIs) of cognition, attitudes and willingness related to organ donation were calculated using the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. Results: The pooled proportions of knowing about organ donation and willing to donate increased from 84.6% (73.0–93.4) and 32.4% (23.9–41.6) before 2015, to 86.4% (74.5–95.1) and 39.9% (32.8–47.2) after 2015, respectively. The willingness to posthumous organ donation for cornea, heart, kidney, and liver had a significant improvement. Especially, the proportion of willingness to donate cornea increased to 56.0% (43.3–68.3) after 2015, from 39.2% (31.2–47.4) before 2015. However, although 69.7% (62.7–76.4) of participants approved the deceased organ donation, only 35.6% (29.7–41.8) and 43.9% (37.2–50.8) were willing to donate their own and relatives organs postmortem, respectively. The leading reasons for refraining from donating organs postmortem were distrusting the medical professionals (49.8%, 35.2–64.4) and traditional Chinese values (40.6%, 32.4–49.0). Popularizing knowledge about organ donation (61.5%, 45.7–76.1), humanitarian aid (57.1%, 48.8–65.3), and priority of using donated organs for relatives (53.1%, 30.8–74.7) were the applauded strategies to improve the willingness to posthumous organ donation. Conclusions: The willingness toward posthumous organ donation has a significant improvement among Chinese general public since 2015, however, several important measures still need to be taken to promote the favorable attitudes and willingness toward organ donation.