We have developed a rugged, durable platinum wire Eh electrode for application in subsurface environments. The electrode design is described in detail and its performance under aerobic and anaerobic steady‐state and transient conditions is assessed. The electrode consists of a 0.5‐mm‐diameter platinum wire (99.99% purity) cast in a glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy jacket. The construction allowed installation through direct insertion into sandy media to depths up to several meters. Data collection was through connection to a datalogger with high impedance input; data points were collected every 10 seconds and averaged and stored once an hour. The electrodes functioned in situ for periods of more than three years and gave reliable readings during oxic, anoxic, and transitional conditions. Performance testing and examination of electrodes recovered after three years in situ indicated that they were not impacted by corrosion, dissolution, or poisoning.
Stainless steels for low and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell present several advantages over graphitic materials. The fabrication of bipolar plates from these kinds of alloys could reduce weight of the stack and provide high mechanical stability. Test results show that bipolar plates fabricated from standard V2A or V4A steel can withstand the corrosive conditions in a low-temperature (50 {degree sign}C) proton exchange membrane fuel cell. For water cooled applications with an operating temperature around 80 {degree sign}C and thus resulting heavily corrosive conditions, two high-alloyed steel specimens have proven to be suitable. Further analyses show variations in corrosion resistance after pre-treating steel samples with e.g. physicochemical surface treatments, electro-polishing, thermal annealing and corrosion protective coating solution. The high temperature PEMFC test condition with 85% phosphoric acid and 160 {degree sign}C operation temperature leads to visible corrosion traces on all specimens except one.
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