Review – Metallic Bipolar Plates and Their Usage in Energy Conversion Systems

Richards, Justin; Schmidt, Klaus D.

doi:10.5772/28648

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Literature references referring corrosion of metallic bipolar plates of PEFCs, which operate at a temperature of about 85 • C with Nafion as proton conductive membrane, are widely shared. 4,[21][22][23][24] But in terms of HT-PEFC, activities in the field of metallic bipolar plates and their degradation are relatively low. Due to enhanced temperatures and the interaction between different metal species and phosphates, the formed passive layer has different chemical properties than that built up at usual PEFC conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion Study of Metallic Materials in Phosphoric Acid as Bipolar Plates for HT-PEFCs

Weissbecker

Wippermann

Lehnert

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work investigates various commercially available austenitic stainless steels and Ni-based alloys as possible metallic bipolar plates for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs). The dynamic formation and depletion of passivation layers that depends strongly on applied potential was analyzed in 85 wt% phosphoric acid at RT and 130 • C by means of cyclic voltammetry and steady-state polarization. All materials showed a beneficial passivation in the potential window 0.3-1.2 V, which is mainly based on a stable inner Cr 2 O 3 layer, and a reduction of the passive layers at cathodic polarization. Alloy 2.4869 (Cronix 80) with 80 wt% Ni and 20 wt% Cr reveals the lowest corrosion rates of 16.1 μA cm −2 at 130 • C in the passive region at 0.6 V and a free corrosion potential E cor of 235 mV. The improvement of passivity was achieved by the dominant superficial Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 layer. Alloying additions Mo and Ti revealed a characteristic increase of passive current densities due to instability of these passivation components at 130 • C. Passivation based on Fe oxides and phosphates in stainless steels shows to be beneficial at RT, but less efficient at 130 • C.High-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) operate in the range of 120-180 • C and currently employ phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes. This in turn represents a quite aggressive environment for the components of a fuel cell. Presently, bipolar plates are made of graphitic composite materials. Significant drawbacks are the apparent corrosion rates, a high effort of manufacturing and the uptake of phosphoric acid. Previous studies have demonstrated a wide range of corrosion current densities for different types of graphite up to the level of 1 mA cm −2 in ∼100 wt% H 3 PO 4 at 185-200 • C depending strongly on polarization, amount of binders or resins and heat-treatment.

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion Study of Metallic Materials in Phosphoric Acid as Bipolar Plates for HT-PEFCs

Weissbecker

Wippermann

Lehnert

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The bipolar plate is one of the major bottlenecks for the commercial application of PEM fuel cells and accounts for more than 70% of the fuel cell weight and 40% of the cost [2]. Conventional bipolar plates are made of graphite, but there has been an increasing focus on metal bipolar plates that can be produced using thinner gauge sheet steels and are more suitable for mass production [3]. Stainless steels have received the most attention [4] while there is now also increasing interest in the use of titanium foils [5].…”

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Understanding Size Effects and Forming Limits in the Micro-Stamping of Industrial Stainless Steel Foils

Weiß

Zhang

Pereira

et al. 2020

Metals

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This study investigates the effect of grain size and composition on the material properties and forming limits of commercially supplied stainless steel foil for bipolar plate manufacture via tensile, stretch forming and micro-stamping trials. It is shown that in commercially supplied stainless steel the grain size can vary significantly and that ‘size effects’ can be influenced by prior steel processing and composition effects. While the forming limits in micro-stamping appear to be directly linked to the plane strain forming limits of the individual stainless steel alloys, there was a clear effect of the tensile anisotropy. In contrast to previous studies, forming severity and the likelihood of material failure did not increase with a decreasing channel profile radius. This was related to inaccuracies of the forming tool profile shape.

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Metal Additive Manufacturing ofPEMFuel Cell Flow Field Plates and the Scope of Nanomaterials for Its Fabrication

Jayakumar¹,

Madheswaran²,

Velu³

2022

Nanotechnology‐Based Additive Manufacturing

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Review – Metallic Bipolar Plates and Their Usage in Energy Conversion Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Electrochemical Corrosion Study of Metallic Materials in Phosphoric Acid as Bipolar Plates for HT-PEFCs

Electrochemical Corrosion Study of Metallic Materials in Phosphoric Acid as Bipolar Plates for HT-PEFCs

Understanding Size Effects and Forming Limits in the Micro-Stamping of Industrial Stainless Steel Foils

Metal Additive Manufacturing ofPEMFuel Cell Flow Field Plates and the Scope of Nanomaterials for Its Fabrication

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