As part of a screening for new antiparasitic natural products from Iranian plants, -hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from the aerial parts of were found to exhibit strong inhibitory activity against and. The activity was tracked by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based activity profiling. Preparative isolation by a combination of silica gel column chromatography and HPLC afforded 17 diterpenoids (1: -17: ), including 14 abietane-, two icetexane-, and one isopimarane-type derivatives. Among these, (5,10)-11-hydroxy-12-methoxy-20-norabieta-8,11,13-triene (2: ), 12-hydroxy-norabieta-1(10),8,11,13-tetraene-1,11-furan (6: ), and 12-methoxybarbatusol (9: ) were new compounds, the structure of which was established by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism). The antiprotozoal activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against , and. Selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated in comparison to cytotoxicity on rat myoblast (L6) cells. Particularly active were 7-ethoxyrosmanol (4: ) with an IC of 0.8 µM against (SI 14.9) and an IC of 1.8 µM (SI 6.9) against , ferruginol (8: ) with an IC of 2.9 µM (SI 19.2) against , and miltiodiol (10: ) with an IC of 0.5 µM (SI 10.5) against . None of the compounds exhibited selective toxicity against (SI ≤ 1.6).

Our results demonstrate that plants can provide promising alternatives for integrated and organic farming. J. effusus shows high efficacy at low concentrations and, as an abundant perennial species, is an interesting candidate for the development of a novel plant protection product. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Fractionation of the n-hexane extract of Salvia hydrangea afforded seven isoprenoids including six new compounds (1−6) and salvadione A (7). Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS). The absolute configuration of salvadione A ( 7) was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu/Kα radiation. In addition, the absolute configuration of all compounds was determined by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. A biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the scaffold of 1 is proposed. The antiprotozoal activity of the compounds against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum was determined, and cytotoxicity was assessed in rat myoblast L6 cells. Perovskone C (2) exhibited good activity against P. falciparum (IC 50 0.6 μM) and a selectivity index of 62.2.

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