No abstract

Incontinence predicts subsequent ADL functional levels. The relationship between balance dysfunction and subsequent ADL dependence could be causal. Future studies of the causal relationships between impairments and ADL should examine the effectiveness of impairment interventions on ADL as well as these relationships in different subgroups of nursing home residents.

No abstract

Current NH environments and care processes may be inadequate to facilitate ADL changes for residents with severe cognitive impairment. More innovative structural designs, higher staffing levels, and better care processes may be indicated.