Background and Aim: Increased oxidative stress has emerged as one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, antioxidant therapy may become a promising tool in the treatment of periodontal disease. Uric acid is a major salivary antioxidant, levels of which decrease in periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant therapy on the progression of periodontal disease. Material and Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 48 systemically healthy participants having generalized gingivitis with probing depth <3 mm, plaque index (PI) <1, and no bone and attachment loss. Participants were randomly assigned equally (n = 24) into two groups (test and control) using the lottery method. Full mouth scaling and root planing were performed in both the groups and oral hygiene instructions were given. Periodontal assessment at baseline 1 h after scaling and root planing was done with clinical parameters by a single examiner. Test group was prescribed; the commercially available anti-oxidant containing natural lycopene with green tea extract. Sample collection was done for both the groups at baseline and at the 45th day. Results: It was observed that significantly high results were obtained during intra-group comparison for both modified plaque index and sulcus bleeding index from baseline to 45 days. After treatment, a very highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.001) in the test group and significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the control group were observed in salivary uric acid levels. Conclusion: Oral lycopene and green tea extract supplementation is positively associated with salivary uric acid levels and plays an important role in the management of gingivitis.

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Background: The minor salivary glands (MSGs) are critical components of the mouth's delicate environment. The pre-malignant changes of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) have been associated with a decline in the quality of life and an uptick in the prevalence of oral malignancies.Aim: The aim was to provide evidence of the histological alterations in minor salivary gland structure seen in individuals with OSMF.Methods and materials: A total of 106 confirmed cases of OSMF were enrolled in the study. In order to perform an incisional biopsy, we first collected the patient's complete demographic and clinical history.Using a Vernier calliper, the inter-incisal distance was used to evaluate the mouth opening of the patients. An incisional biopsy of the buccal mucosa was carried out using a 6 mm diameter punch and local anaesthesia. After the appropriate demographic and medical information had been gathered. Acinar cells and the surrounding stroma of tissue slices were observed under a light microscope for alterations. The cytoplasm, nucleus morphology, cellular shape, mucin pooling, and acinar outline of acinar cells were all examined by the researchers. It was taken into account to classify OSMF histologically based on variations in juxta epithelial hyalinization.Results: Multiple aetiologies for the symptoms of OSMF were reflected in the patient's histological abnormalities in the minor salivary glands. On the measurement of the diameter of acini, we discover that the average area of salivary gland acini in OSMF patients is smaller than in the normal group indicative of a decrease in size. The number of functional acini in OSMF is fewer than compared in the control group.Conclusion: Because of the findings of this study, we now have a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the incidence of dryness of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa (OSMF), although it has to be mentioned that no major impact of OSMF on minor salivary glands was observed in our study.

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most significant reasons of death in India. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of AgNORs parameters has been used in oncology for both diagnostic and prognostic objectives. The number and distribution of AgNOR in the nucleus (configuration) were helpful in detecting and predicting the prognosis of various neoplasias. Aim: To assess the biologic aggressiveness of leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma and quantitative and qualitative analysis of AGNORs in OSMF, Leukoplakia and OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study samples were distributed in four different groups:-Group- I: - Control group, 10 sample of normal mucosa. Group II: – 30 histopathologically proven samples of leukoplakia. Group III:-30 histopathologically proven samples of oral submucousfibrosis. Group IV: - 30 histopathologically proven samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The number of dots per nucleus was used to count AgNORs. Images were taken with a digital camera linked to a labomed572 Binocular Photo Microscope with an X100 oil immersion objective lens. The photos were categorised, copied, and saved to a computer.