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LBW neonates and their mothers have significant zinc deficiency as compared to term AGA neonates and their mothers and this deficiency is correlated with zinc deficiency in mothers of these LBW neonates.

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Objective To find the relationship between vitamin-D levels and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in term neonates. Methods This case–control study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching institution in central India. Full-term neonates with culture-proven LOS were taken as cases. Maternal and neonatal demography, clinical examination and investigations were recorded. Correlation of vitamin-D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) with LOS was assessed. Results Total 225 term neonates including 175 cases and 50 controls were included. Maternal and neonatal demographic profile was comparable. The mean vitamin-D level in cases (12.28 ± 6.11 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in controls (14.88 ± 7.2 ng/ml) (p = 0.002). Total 151 (86.29%) neonates out of 175 cases and 37 (74%) out of 50 controls had the vitamin-D deficiency (p = 0.00003). On multiple regression analysis, neonatal sepsis (p = 0.00003) was found to be significantly associated with vitamin-D deficiency. Conclusion This study shows that vitamin-D deficiency in term neonates may predispose them to LOS.