Background The current study was designed to determine the effect of short-term moderate intensity exercise training (MEX) on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3. Study Design The study was a randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design. Setting & Participants Testing and training sessions were performed at Springfield College. Forty-six (treatment group, n=25; control group, n=21) CKD patients with diabetes and or hypertension completed the study. Intervention The aerobic training program consisted of 16 weeks of supervised exercise training at 50%–60% peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 3 times per week, while the control group remained sedentary. Identical testing procedures were performed following the 16-week intervention. Outcomes The primary outcome was arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes were aerobic capacity, various blood parameters (endothelin 1 [ET-1], nitrate/nitrite, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Measurements Arterial stiffness was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), aerobic capacity by VO2peak, blood parameters by ELISAs, and HRQoL by SF-36. Subjects attended four sessions before being randomized to either the treatment or control groups. Subjects gave consent during the first session while a graded exercise test, with the measurement of VO2peak, was completed during the second session. During sessions three and four, aPWV was measured at rest prior to 40-min of either MEX or seated rest. A venous blood sample was taken prior to exercise or rest and participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire. Results Sixteen weeks of training led to an 8.2% increase in VO2peak for the treatment group (p =0.05) but no changes in aPWV. Limitations Randomization was not concealed and was violated on one occasion. Furthermore, the use of an indirect measurement of endothelial function and the short duration of the intervention are both limitations. Conclusions Short-term MEX does not alter arterial stiffness in CKD patients but it seems to reduce endothelin 1 levels.

Post-exercise hypotension occurs in pre-dialysis patients following aerobic exercise, but short-term moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training has no effect upon this response. There seems to be no relationship between the acute and chronic blood pressure responses to exercise in pre-dialysis kidney patients.

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with abnormal lipid profiles and altered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size patterns. Lower levels of the larger, cardioprotective HDL particles found in CKD may play a role in the increased risk for cardiovascular disease in these patients. The current study was designed to assess the effects of short-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on the HDL particle pattern and overall lipid profiles in stage 3 CKD patients.MethodsForty-six men and women with stage 3 CKD were randomized to either exercise (EX, n = 25) or control (CON, n = 21). Those in the EX group completed 16 weeks of supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise three times per week. Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL particle size, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body composition and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were assessed at baseline and week 16.ResultsThe rate of compliance in the EX group was 97 ± 7.2%. No change was observed in eGFR over time in either group. There was an 8.2% improvement in VO2peak in the EX group (P = 0.05), while VO2peak decreased in the CON group. HDL-C, TGs, HDL particle size and body composition remained unchanged in both groups. A trend was found for lower total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.051) and LDL-C (P = 0.07) in the CON group.ConclusionOur findings indicate that a short-term aerobic exercise training intervention in stage 3 CKD patients does not induce changes in HDL particle size or favorable lipid profile modifications.

NiCaS SV measurements are similar to and strongly correlated with Echo SV measurements. This suggests that noninvasive NiCaS technology may be a practical method for measuring SV during HD.

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