Ba and Sr ferrites are prepared by sol-gel technique with different Fe/Ba(Sr) ratios in the starting materials. Magnetization, coercive, and anisotropy field strength are determined depending on the heat treatment of the gel and the iron/barium(strontium) ratio in the starting material. A two-step heat treatment is used to prepare single-domain powders with high magnetization. These powders prepared by sol-gel technique show single-domain behavior with specific magnetization σS=649 A cm2/g and coercive field strength HcM=402 kA/m in the case of Ba ferrite and σS=695 A cm2/g and HcM=416 kA/m for Sr the ferrite. Al-substituted ferrites with high anisotropy field strengths are prepared additionally. Ferromagnetic resonance absorption is used to determine the anisotropy field strength and to investigate the formation process of the hexaferrite phase during the heat treatment. The beginning of hexaferrite formation occurs at annealing temperatures below 700 °C.

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A high sensitivity vibrating reed magnetometer useful for measurements on very small ferromagnetic particles is described. The reed is made of gold wire (18 μm in diameter, 10 mm long). The mechanical vibrations of the reed are converted directly to an ac voltage by a piezoelectric ceramic. Using a lock-in amplifier magnetic moments as small as 10−9 Acm2 can be detected.