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Variants in brachial plexus and its branches are significant in everyday clinical practice. During student dissection, we came across multiple variations of lateral cord, and its branches on the left arm of a male embalmed cadaver. The lateral cord was found to pierce coracobrachialis which divided into lateral root of median nerve and musculocutaneous. There was a presence of third head of biceps brachii and also communication between median and musculocutaneous nerves. This knowledge with regard to multiple variations is important in nerve blocks, compression syndromes in the axilla and arm as well as flap surgeries. Hence the present case is being reported.

Coeliac artery forms the major blood supply for the structures derived from the foregut up to the major duodenal papillae. During the routine dissection classes for the undergraduates, a very uncommon variation in the origin of the coeliac trunk was observed. Instead, of the coeliac artery, two trunks were arising directly from the abdominal aorta at the level of T12-L1. The gastrosplenic trunk and the common hepatic artery were apart from each other. An aberrant left hepatic artery arose from the left gastric artery, entering into the porta hepatis to supply the left lobe of the liver. Lesser curvature of the stomach is solely supplied by the left gastric artery. Knowledge regarding such multiple variations in the abdominal region is utmost important for the anatomists, clinicians, a radiologist for performing angiographic studies and hepatic surgeons to avoid any damage to the aberrant artery, as it may result into the ischaemia and necrosis of the related part.

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve, which arises from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve, contains both sensory and motor fibres. The intraosseous course of the nerve is variable. Mandibular foramen is situated on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. It is an important anatomical landmark for procedures like sagittal split osteotomies and inferior alveolar nerve block.Methods: The precise location of mandibular foramen was studied by the dissection of formalin fixed cadavers available for undergraduate dissection for a period of two years fron 2014-2016. Results: The mandibular foramen was 21±3.33 mm superior to the gonion at an angle of 980±50 with the base of the mandible. The mandibular foramen was 20.13±3.1 mm inferior to the lowest point of the mandibular notch. Accessory mandibular foramen was observed in 9.37% of the samples dissected.Conclusion: The present study explains the position of mandibular foramen in relation to prominent bony landmarks and the knowledge about the mandibular foramen, helps dental surgeons during inferior alveolar nerve blocks and split osteotomies.Practical implications: Failure rate of the inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be approximately 20-25%. A thorough anatomical knowledge of the mandibular ramus is essential for inferior alveolar nerve blocks and sagittal split osteotomies, since they are technically difficult procedures and as they are also associated with a higher incidence of complications.

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