Urea-formaldehyde resin bonded partlcleboard, medium density fiberboard and plywood paneling are used as flooring, wall paneling, for cabinet work and in furniture, and are present In almost every office, home and public building. If large quantities of these products are used In poorly ventilated spaces, high manufacturing quality control is necessary to avoid problems of latent formaldehyde release. Indoor air formaldehyde concentrations depend on the nature of the product, the product surface to air volume (loading) factor, temperature, humidity, age and product emission rates. Standard test methods are now available for measuring product emission rates that make It possible to predict the performance of UF-bonded pressed wood materials If use conditions and environmental parameters are known. Recent modifications In adhesive and board manufacturing parameters have made It possible to reduce formaldehyde emission significantly, and UF-bonded wood products are now capable of meeting indoor air quality standard levels of 0.1 ppm under almost all customary loading conditions.

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This paper presents and evaluates the 13C NMR spectra of aqueous cyclic ethyleneureas that are used as reagents or occur as intermediates in the commercial production of durable-press fabrics. These include cyclic ethyleneurea (EU), methylethyleneurea (MeEU), dimethylethyleneurea (DMeEU), dihydroxyethyleneurea (DHEU), monomethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (MMDHEU), dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), and /V,A/'-bis(methoxymethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyethyleneurea. The composition and equilibria of both commercial and laboratory-prepared DMDHEU solutions and two partially methylated commercial DMDHEU solutions used in the production of durable-press fabrics are explored.