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Nothopanax sutellarium is one plant that is known to be used as an antimicrobial because it has several active ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This study aims to determine the effect of Nothopanax sutellarium leaf extract with different solvents, namely water, ethanol, and nanoemulsion solvents on thephysicalcharacteristics of tilapia. This type of research is experimental research with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Biology Education Laboratory Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemistry Education Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala, and Pharmacology Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala. This research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with Factor A (solvent extract) and Factor B (concentration) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Data were statisticallyanalyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and BNJ (Honest Significant Difference) at a significant level of α=0.05. Based on the results of research giving Nothopanax sutellarium leaf extract with different solvents significantly influence the shape of the eye, gill color, aroma, and meat texture in Nile tilapia. Treatment with extract concentration of 60% using nanoemulsion tehnique is the best treatment. Nothopanax sutellariumnano emulsion extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in preserving fresh fish during transportation.

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Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaf has a natural mouthwash used as an alternative to commercial mouthwash. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of giving scented Pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) using nanoemulsion technique as a natural mouthwash. This study used an experimental method with a trial of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. Data were analysed using Analysis of variance Test and Duncan at α=0.01 (99% confidence level). The result of giving 21-day natural mouthwash showed that P3 (4% extract) has the average salivary pH higher than the value of P1 (1% extract) and P2 (2 % extract), and the average salivary pH value of P3 (4% extract) approached the average salivary pH of P0+ (commercial mouthwash). Besides, there was a significant effect of 21-day of treatment to the respondents that is showed by F (4.20) = 20.57, ρ (0.01) = 4.43. The conclusion of this study is the administration of P amaryllifolius extract with nanoemulsion technique can be used as a natural mouthwash which is to maintain the salivary pH.

This study investigates the use of biodiesel derived from Pangium Edule Reinw (Pangium biodiesel) and Cocos Nucifera (palm biodiesel) in diesel engines as alternative fuels. A direct injection (DI) diesel engine simulated via a thermodynamic cycle model for investigation. Thermodynamic and performance parameters and compared for diesel, Pangium biodiesel, and palm biodiesel fuels at two different states. The results displayed that Pangium biodiesel shows a relatively higher cylinder temperature and pressure compared to palm biodiesel and diesel fuel at a lower crank angle. It also means that 100 % biodiesel is capable of performing a smaller engine capacity compared to diesel fuel at similar injection conditions. The brake power declines about 8.1% and 8.3% at 3800 rpm, while brake specific fuel consumption increases about 8.7% and 9.4% at 1900 rpm for Pangium biodiesel and palm biodiesel, respectively. The engine performance for Pangium biodiesel and palm biodiesel significantly improve at the same equivalence ratio condition. However, a more amount of fuel is required, which is approximately 20.7% for palm biodiesel and 8.5% for Pangium biodiesel. The brake thermal efficiency for Pangium biodiesel and palm biodiesel is generally better than diesel fuel.