INTRODUCTION:Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults and in the elderly. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) was suggested as a measure of body fat distribution and HOMA IR as a measure of insulin resistance. In this study, we assessed the body fat index and insulin resistance across normal, overweight and obese individuals. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we evaluated, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA insulin resistance in healthy subjects attending routine health checkup in our college during. Subjects were excluded if they have any clinical, biochemical or diagnostic abnormalities. RESULTS: A total of 71 subjects were studied, there were 21 normal, 24 overweight and 26 obese subjects. They were age and gender matched. We observed an increasing trend in WHR across increasing BMI. However it was not statistically significant. We also observed that HOMA IR is significantly more in obese than in both overweight and normal individuals. WHR correlated best with IR in obese. CONCLUSION: We observed that HOMA IR is significantly more in obese than in both overweight and normal individuals. WHR correlated best with IR in obese.

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Thyroid dysfunction will be associated with insulin resistance in obese women were common. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of fifty female subjects with age group of 30-60 years, a whose body mass index was above 30 kg/m 2 were studied for 16 months between July 2013 to November 2014 who were attending general medicine OPD in Siddartha Medical College, Tumkur were studied. Subjects with known disease or disorder of endocrine systems or who were receiving medications like, thyroid hormones preparations, Lithium, Amiodarone or corticosteroids were excluded. Blood samples were assed for T3, T4, TSH, FBS, Fasting Insulin and HOMA IR was calculated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 31.4±7.32 years. Among these subjects TSH analysis revealed that 26% were having subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). We found that 46% (remaining) of these SH subjects are having insulin resistance while 24% of patients with normal thyroid function are having insulin resistance as estimated by HOMA IR. P-value=0.6 and the odds ratio is 0.667, with a 95% confidence interval extending from 0.19 to 2.09. The observed difference in insulin resistance was not statistically between the subjects with SH and normal obese subjects. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance co exists with thyroid-hypo function in 46% of obese patients it is necessary to do routinely thyroid profile and insulin resistance in all the patients.

Cardiac Myxoma is a source of emboli to the CNS and elsewhere in the vascular tree. However non-specific systemic symptoms and minor embolic phenomenon may be overlooked in the absence of any history of cardiac symptoms. In this situation cardiac investigations may not be performed and diagnosis of this condition may be delayed until the onset of more significant embolic disease such as stroke with functional impairment as reported here.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) retreatments have become the matter of concern, with increase in drug resistance among failure and relapse cases of tuberculosis. Standard category II regimen is still the main TB retreatment regimen of national programs in resource limited settings. AIM: The primary objective of this study was to describe the profile and treatment outcome of TB retreatment cases treated with category II regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study that reviewed the routinely collected data of patients with TB retreatment registered for treatment under DOTS for the period of 1 January 2011 to May 2014 was carried out at Sri Siddhartha medical college, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. RESULTS: Among 83 retreatment patients 60(71.08%) of the patients had pulmonary TB and 23(28.92 %) of the patients had extra pulmonary TB. Among 60 pulmonary TB 51(85%) were sputum positive PTB patients. Treatment after default 32(38.60%) and others 32 (38.60%) were commonest reason for the TB retreatment. Majority of 'TB retreatment 'patients were aged 21-40 (40, 48.20%), predominantly males (67.50%) than females (32.53%) with male: female ratio is 2: 1 shows highly statistically significant (p<0.001). All patients were treated with the standard RNTCP retreatment. Treatment outcome was successful (cured and treatment completed) only in 59.04% of patients, treatment after default was 18.07%, treatment after failure 10.84% and death was 12.05%. Treatment success was more in females, 21-40 years age group Patients classified as 'retreatment relapse' were significantly more likely to achieve high treatment success (81.81%) than all other types of retreatment cases. CONCLUSION: RNTCP should be strengthened to combat resurgence of retreatment cases and to improve the treatment outcome among retreatment cases.