Introduction: The article deals with the current problems of modern orthodontics, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of treatment of sagittal anomalies of bite, which are complicated by speech disorders, patients in the period of bite. The effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment is investigated, and their complex approach to the correction of this pathology is evaluated. Materials and methods: We were taken on the treatment of 47 children with temporary bite, aged 3 to 5 years old, who experienced dental anomalies in combination with organic dyslallia. Depending on the pathology of bite, patients were divided into subgroups A and B. Subgroup A included children with distal bite, to subgroup B - with mesial. According to the chosen method of orthodontic treatment, patients of experimental groups were additionally divided into 2 subgroups. In 1 subgroup included children, the treatment of which was carried out according to the proposed method, to 2 subgroups - according to the standard. The control group included 11 children with physiological bites of similar age without speech disorders. Results: The effectiveness of proposed schemes of orthodontic and logopedic rehabilitation was proved by clinical, anthropometric and functional indicators, which were determined prior to and at different times after starting treatment. Clinical efficacy of performed orthodontic treatment is established on the term of treatment, normalization of articulation motility, normalization of anthropometric indices, normalization of palatogram characteristics, indexes of functional activity of the tooth-jaw system, normalization of occlusal ratios of dentitions. Conclusion: Using the proposed method of orthodontic treatment (with the use of orthodontic equipment in combination with modified myogymnastics and facial tapping), the dynamics of all the studied parameters correlated with the timing of the pathology elimination and indicated an increased effectiveness of treatment in applying the proposed method, namely: all patients had normalization forms of dental arches, normalized indexes of width and length of the dental arc. Immediately after the end of the treatment, electromyographic indices were normalized and occlusive relationships restored. Similar indicators for those who were treated according to the standard method, although they showed positive dynamics, but differed both from the indicators of persons who were treated according to the proposed method, and from the indicators of the control group. Key words: maxillofacial area, malocclusions, sagittal anomalies, speech disorders, tapping,

The unity of the tooth-jaw system is ensured by the close interaction of dental rows, jaws, chewing and facial muscles, temporomandibular joint. Surgical anomalies of bite are often accompanied by significant changes in occlusion ratio of the tooth-jaw system, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients [1, 2, 3]. Significant influence on occlusion ratio has orthodontic treatment. Introduction of high technologies into the practice of prevention and treatment of abnormalities of the zygomatic system contributes to the improvement of dental health, however, the problem of violation of occlusive ratio in dental anomalies and deformations persists in connection with the increase in the prevalence of bite pathology among the population of Ukraine [4, 5]. Investigation of violations of occlusion of dentitions is an integral part of the complex functional analysis of the dental maxillary apparatus. The most common clinical technique for the analysis of occlusive ratio is the technique of occlusion through articulation paper. However, this method does not meet current requirements, because it reflects neither such parameters as the strength and timeliness of tooth contacts, nor contains information about the nature of occlusive violations. Checking only the static parameters of occlusion is not a complete objective method of assessing the quality of treatment. With a sufficient number and correctly placed occlusal contacts, adequate interposition of the components of the temporomandibular joint, the formation of physiological occlusion will be the basis for the uniform distribution of functional loads. In order to solve the problems, a comprehensive study of the parameters of dynamic occlusion is necessary [6, 7]. Up to date, an objective criterion for evaluating occlusion is the use of computerized analysis of occlusion with the help of T-Scan. The results obtained during this study can be used to control the quality of performed orthodontic treatment [6, 7, 8, 9]. Purpose. Determination of the dynamics of occlusal ratio for 117 people of different age groups with sagittal malocclusions during orthodontic treatment generally and specific methods. Materials and methods of research. Occlusion contacts were assessed using a computerized occlusion analysis of T-Scan III (USA). Depending on the type of pathology of the occlusion, patients were divided into two groups: A (patients with distal occlusion) and B (patients with mesial occlusion), which depended on the method of orthodontic treatment, and were further divided into 2 subgroups. In the subgroups A1 (33 patients) and B1 (28 patients), the treatment was performed with the help of individual myofunctional apparatus - Elastoelainers, in group II patients of subgroup A2 (35 patients), and patients of subgroup B2 (21 patients) - treatment was carried out using fixed dentistry (bracket system). The control group consisted of 20 people of the same age with physiological bites and intact dentition. Results. Studies have shown that people with sagittal malocclusions expressed disturbances of occlusal ratio (presence premature occlusal contacts on the natural teeth, changes in the direction of the trajectory of the total vector occlusion load) experienced significant changes in the dynamics of the proposed orthodontic treatment, and closer to those of the control group immediately after treatment. Conclusions. The effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of patients with sagittal anomalies of occlusion with the help of individually myofunctional devices has been proved, which is confirmed by the data of the dynamics of indices of computer occlusion.

The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the available literature data on changes of oral tissues in menopausal/postmenopausal women. We searched for the relevant references in Pubmed database using appropriate key words. We had revealed about 3,500 references on these topics and analyzed the most relevant. Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of the decrease of bone mineral density due to estrogen deficiency. Estrogens induce osteoclast apoptosis and intensity of this protective mechanism decreases after the cessation of menstruation. Most cross-sectional radiographic studies have confirmed an association between age-related osteoporosis and decreased alveolar bone height. It has been established that postmenopausal women with generalized chronic periodontitis are characterized by severe destruction of the periodontium, which progresses in parallel to a decrease in bone mineral density. Sex hormones maintaining bone integrity and strength, involved in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts of the gums. The effect of low estrogen levels on keratinization of the gum epithelium and decreased salivation can lead to menopausal gingivostomatitis. Estrogen deficiency also adversely affects the microenvironment of gingival sulcus, including the composition and circulation of crevicular fluid. Postmenopausal women have lower salivary pH and lower salivation, which is associated with deterioration of periodontal tissues. In addition, the postmenopausal period is characterized by the changes in the microbial composition of the oral cavity, IgG decreases in the crevicular fluid and prooxidant changes of saliva. Conclusions. The oral cavity status in menopausal and postmenopausal women undergoes significant changes: a decrease in bone mineral density, dryness of mucous membranes, microbiome changes, and activation of oxidative and immune processes. These changes necessitate regular examinations, timely treatment and application of all measures of preventive dentistry. There is also a need for randomized clinical trials and create standardized guidelines for the management of postmenopausal patients with periodontal disease.