Due to the fact that the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is replenished with new pharmaceuticals every year, there is a need for monitoring medicinal prescriptions. This article presents a comparative analysis of prescribing medicines by dentists for the period 2017-2018 and an assessment of prescribing medicines for various pharmaceutical groups has been carried out. Surveys of dentists were conducted by the Ukrainian Rating Association, the public organization «Ukrainian Dental Association» and MedExpert at various scientific and practical events during which dentists completed a questionnaire.

Gingival recession is a common clinical condition in the dental practice, which is characterized by the root surface exposure due to the apical displacement of the marginal gingival tissues. Since the teeth' root surfaces become open to the environment of the oral cavity, the consequences of gingival recession are a disturbance of aesthetics (mainly when they occur in the frontal area), the development of hypersensitivity root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions. Despite the numerous studies carried out, the exact mechanism of the development of gingival recession is not fully understood, and it is generally accepted that it has a multifactorial etiology. Gingival recession can occur directly due to an infectious and inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, anatomical features, as a result of the effect of mechanical or iatrogenic factors on soft tissues, or their action in combination with each other. The prevalence of gingival recessions worldwide varies from 22 to 100% and mainly depends on age, the size of the studied population, diagnostic criteria, and statistical data processing methods.  The aim was to determine the influence of age on the prevalence of gingival recession in patients with periodontitis.  Materials and methods. One hundred thirty-three patients with periodontitis aged 29 to 59 years were included in the study and divided into four groups according to their age: 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years. Inclusion criteria were the presence of periodontitis, age over 20 years, and the presence of more than 20 teeth in the oral cavity.  Participants were interviewed about demographic data, smoking status, and oral hygiene skills. All patients underwent a clinical examination using the clinical and instrumental program Florida Probe system. Gingival recession was recorded in the presence of root surface exposure of 1 mm or more. According to the size of the exposed surfaces of the tooth roots, three degrees of severity of gingival recession were assessed: mild gingival recession (less than 3 mm), moderate gingival recession (3 to 4 mm), severe gingival recession (5 mm or more). The severity of gingival recession was estimated in mm as the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the gingival margin. Subsequently, the gingival recession was classified using the Miller recession classification [7]. Results of the studies and their discussion. The study results showed that a high prevalence of gingival recession was found in patients with periodontitis in the Ukrainian population. Exposure of the surface of the teeth' roots by 1 mm or more was present in around 2233 teeth, which corresponds to 65.86 (61.4-70.3)% of all examined teeth. The average number of teeth with the gingival recession increases with age: in those aged 20-29, the gingival recession was present in 42,86% of the teeth, in patients 30-39 years of age, the gingival recession was present in around 59,59% of the teeth, in patients 40-49 years of age the gingival recession was present in around 70,49% of the teeth, in those, older than 50 years, the gingival recession was present in around 82.72% of the teeth. Incisors and first molars were the most affected teeth by the gingival recession. In patients with periodontitis, the gingival recession of mild degree (up to 3 mm) was determined around 44.01 (40.8-47.2) % of teeth, the gingival recession of moderate degree (from 3 to 4 mm) – around 17.41 (14.3-20.5) % of teeth, the gingival recession of severe degree (5 mm or more) – around 4.42 (2.7-6.2)% of teeth. The severity of recession in patients of different age groups was determined: the gingival recession's severity increases with age. The average severity of gingival recession (the length from the cemento-enamel junction to the gingival margin) was determined in patients of different age groups: in the group of 20 years old, it was 0.28 ± 0.28 (M ± SD) mm, in the group of 30 years old – 0.43 ± 0.37 (M±SD) mm, in the group of 40 years old – 0.78 ± 0.70 (M ± SD) mm, in the group of 50 years old – 1.20 ± 0.70 (M±SD) mm. According to the Millers classification, Class III of the gingival recession was more common in age groups I and II, Class IV of gingival recession, which have an unfavourable prognosis of treatment, were more often manifested in older patients age groups.

The article presents an analysis of the transformations of the dental industry in different periods of development of the health care system from 1991 to 2020 and their impact on the availability of dental care. The materials of the study were regulations, statistics on the infrastructure and human resources of the dental industry in Ukraine. Bibliosemantic, historical, analytical, medical-statistical and biostatistical research methods are used. The article presents an analysis of the number of dental institutions and dentists per capita at different stages of development of the health care system of Ukraine. The transformation of Ukraine’s health care system in 2015-2020 has led to a significant reduction in dental clinics and human resources in the Ministry of Health of Ukraine with a significant increase in the number of private clinics and dentists providing dental care. The share of working dentists in the public health relative to the private sector is declining: in 2017, 72% worked in public institutions and 28% – in private institutions; in 2020 – 59.7% and 40.3% respectively. Ukraine has a developed infrastructure and human resources for dental care. The transformation of the health care system leads to a reduction in the number of dental facilities and staff in the system of Ministry of Health, which is not offset by the intensive development of the private sector and reduces the availability of dental care. The introduction of innovative technologies increases the complexity of the work of dentists and, accordingly, requires an increase in the number of dentists. The policy in the field of dental education does not allow to prepare a sufficient number of dentists for the industry and to compensate for migration processes of labor dental potential to European countries.

ObjectivesChronic periodontitis is one of the most common diseases in the world. Periodontitis occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes and in patients with osteoporosis. Thus, the aim of our study was to compare levels of alveolar bone loss of mandible and maxilla and bone tissue remodeling markers in women of reproductive and postmenopausal periods.MethodsFifty-nine women aged 25–68 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 42 women of reproductive age and Group II included 17 women in their postmenopausal period. The level of alveolar bone loss of mandible and maxilla was assessed using dental panoramic radiography, and the level of bone remodeling markers (Beta C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [β-CTx] and osteocalcin) was obtained in both groups.ResultsWomen in the postmenopausal period have higher level of alveolar bone loss in mandible and maxilla than women of reproductive age. The level of ß-CTx and osteocalcin was significantly higher in Group II, compared to Group I (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively).ConclusionsIn postmenopausal women, on the background of significantly higher bone remodeling, an increase of alveolar bone loss of mandible and maxilla was observed.

The article’s purpose is to define the cognitive determination of musical thinking and musical self-concept of students and musicians, considering the cognitive style of the individual, analytical-holistic thinking, and individual psychological abilities. The study applies the diagnostic technique for the cognitive style of individuality (T. Dudnikova, O. Volkova), analysis-holism scale (Choi, Koo, and Choi), Cattell test (16PF - C), musical thinking questionnaire developed by authors (I. Mazur, T. Нrinchenko, O. Teplova, L. Onofrichuk, O. Priadko). The study presents the first approbation of the musical thinking questionnaire developed by the authors, the integral indicator of which is measured on the following scales: emotional response to music, emotional-intonational (melodic) ear, harmonic ear for music, perceptual ear for music, musical-rhythmic sense, musical memory, performing emotionality, musical-creative imagination – insight into the essence of the musical image, musical-creative imagination – interpretation of the musical image, sense of the whole – sense of tempo-rhythm, sense of the whole – a sense of shape, sense of the whole – sense of style, sense of the whole – the sense of the logical development of the piece of music, cognitive activity, self-regulation, ability to work. The authors empirically determine that the musical thinking of students is based on advanced abilities in terms of the sense of the whole – the sense of shape, emotional response to music, and the sense of the logical development of the piece of music. Dominants in musicians’ musical thinking are the emotional response to music, musical-creative imagination – insight into the essence of the musical image, and high cognitive activity.