Degradation of pentoxifylline (PTX) by sodium peroxydisulfate (SPDS) assisted by UV irradiation has been investigated in deionized water. The treatment was more favorable over direct photolysis or peroxydisulfate oxidation alone. The effects of various parameters, including different dosage of oxidant agent, PTX concentration, initial solution pH levels, and the presence of inorganic ions like chloride, nitrate and carbonate have been evaluated. The rate of PTX decomposition depends on the oxidant agent dose. The highest degradation was determined at pH 10.5, which can be explained by the generation of additional hydroxyl radicals (HOc) in the reaction between sulfate radicals and hydroxide ions. The presence of inorganic ions, especially the carbonate ions quench valuable sulfate radicals and have successfully retarded the PTX decomposition. Six PTX oxidation products were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS for trials in a basic environment. The main degradation product (3,7-dimethyl-6-(5-oxohexyloxy)-3,7-dihydro-2H-purin-2-one) was isolated by column chromatography and identified by 1 HNMR and LC MS analyzes.

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Chlorindazol (III) liefert mit Acetanhydrid (II) das Acetylchlorindazol (I); mit HNO3 in Acetanhydrid (II) entsteht ein Gemisch der Chlornitroindazole (IV)‐(VI).

Biological treatment efficiency of six pharmaceutical compounds (acetazolamide, metronidazole, opipramol, piracetam, salicylamide and tinidazole) was evaluated using lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Comparative biological degradation processes of two types of activated sludge from municipal and pharmaceutical industry sewage treatment plants were examined. Three different organic loadings (0.05 g COD/g MLSS·d, 0.1 g COD/g MLSS·d and 0.2 g COD/g MLSS·d) and reaction time on the efficiency of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) decomposition were examined. Chemical oxygen demand, non-purgeable organic carbon as well as ammonium nitrogen contents were monitored by standard methods. Percentage of API decomposition was analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The overall API removal efficiency was strictly dependent on the type of activated sludge origin. The main biodegradation products were identified using HPLC-MS, 1 H NMR and

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