Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important cause of preventable hearing loss, particularly in the developing world. Aim: To determine the microbiological profile of CSOM and determine the antibiotic susceptibility testing of aerobic bacteria which will be beneficial for appropr iate treatment there by reducing complications. Methods and Materials: A total of 109 patients with CSOM attending outpatient and admitted inpatient in ENT department were included in the study. Two pus swabs each for infected ear were collected. Specimens were subjected to Gram stain and plated on to appropriate culture media to isolate bacterial and fungal pathogens. Bacterial and Fungal species identification and Antibiotic susceptibility testing of aerobic bacteria of isolated pathogens was done. Results: Out of 109 samples cultured there were 70 bacterial and 14 fungal isolates. Most common aerobic bacterial isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.2%) followed by Proteus mirabilis (22.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (17%). Among fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger (64.3%) was predominant followed by Aspergillus flavus (21.4%) and Candida species (14.3%). Amikacin (91.6%) and Ciprofloxacin(87.5%) showed maximum activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus revealed 58.3% Methcillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Conclusions: Emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as most common aerobic isolate and high incidence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in present study indicates the necessity of continuous evaluation of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in all CSOM cases.

Background: Diabetic foot infections are the most common bacterial infections encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus and remain the leading complication requiring frequent hospitalization.  Hence, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria in diabetic foot infections and their antibiogram which can help to inform therapeutic choices.Methods: A prospective study conducted on clinical specimens taken from patients with diabetic foot infections, over 3 years duration. The clinical specimens were processed by using the standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was studied by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Among 103 cases studied, 97 were culture positive. Out of these specimens, 25 (25.77%) had monomicrobial flora and 72 (74.23%) had polymicrobial flora. A total of 176 bacteria were obtained which include 62 gram positive cocci and 114 gram negative bacilli. All gram negative bacilli showed good sensitivity to imipenem (97.30%), followed by cefaperazone sulbactam (81.98%), piperacillin-tazobactam (75.68%) and amikacin (72.97%). All gram positive cocci remained 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid followed by clindamycin (not tested for Enterococci Spp.) and gentamicin  in a range of  91.43 % to 72.88%. The prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms among aerobic isolates were 59.66%.Conclusions: Diabetic foot infections are polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus were the most common isolates. The most sensitive antibiotics are imipenem for gram negative bacilli while vancomycin and linezolid were effective for gram positive cocci. The antibiogram of isolates will be helpful in determining the drugs for the empirical treatment of diabetic foot infection.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy. Increased risk of UTI in pregnant women is due to anatomical changes and physiological adaptations during pregnancy.Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy predisposes to symptomatic UTI in 25% of infected women.Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ASB curbs the risk of pyelonephritis, ecclampsia, preterm delivery and adverse fetal outcomes. This prospective study was conducted to determine the occurrence of ASB, its etiological agents and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern in selected group of pregnant women. Prospective study was carried out on in department of Microbiology at ESIC medical college, Telangana from September 2016 to March 2017. Study population included total of 346 antenatal women of gestational ages 28 weeks or less with no symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) attending for antenatal checkup. All bacterial isolates showing significant growth were identified by standard biochemical methods. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates was be done by Kirby Bauer method according to CLSI guidelines. Among total of 346 antenatal women screened 85.5% samples were sterile. Significant bacterial growth was found in 38 (11%) cases. The age, gravida and trimester of participants did not have any statistical significance on ASB in present study. Escherichia coli (42.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis (42.1%) were most common isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli revealed good sensitivity to cefotaxime (93.75%), amikacin (87.5%), nitrofurantoin (87.5%) and cotrimoxazole (81%). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Enterococcus faecalis showed good sensitivity of 75% to nitrofurantoin and 67.5% to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and high level gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitivity to betalactam antibiotics and aminoglycoside.Every pregnant woman in each trimester should have a urine culture done and detected cases should be treated according to the antibiotic susceptibility test in order to reduce the perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.