Great advances in screening have lowered the death rate from cervical cancer in the advanced countries. The major advances in cervical cancer screening include the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and liquid-based cytology (LBC). In this study, we aimed to use cell remnants from LBC specimens from uterine cervix and endometrium, aspirates from breast and thyroid tumors, and liquid samples (ascites, pleural effusion, and urine). Cell blocks made from cell remnants of LBC specimens were immunohistochemically or immunocytochemically stained for several biomarkers including certain tumor markers such together with hematoxylin and eosin staining for accurate diagnosis of malignancies in different samples. The findings from the cell blocks stained with these biomarkers combined with those from Pap stain led to easily diagnosis of the presence or absence of malignancies. Our findings suggest the utility of LBC and cell blocks from cell remnants in cytologic diagnosis in certain specimens.

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Objective Early detection and diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and precancerous change would undoubtedly become the most alluring part for researchers. With the emergence of endome-trial brush samplers, a new upsurge in endometrial cytology is in the making. But endometrial specimens obtained by the endometrial brush samplers require special preservation solution. The objective of this study is to develop a new kind of endometrial-cell preservation solution and to test the availability compared with a patented liquid-based cell preservation solution. Methods In this controlled study, we had 5 endometrial cases collected with Li Brush from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (09/2016 to 12/2016). The samples of each case were collected 2 times separately and perserved in different perservation solutions. One was a kind of novel endometrial cell preservation solution and the other was a kind of patented liquid-based cell (LBC) preservation solution. The endometrial cells were smeared on slides by using the ZP-C automated slide preparation system and stained with Papanico-laou stain. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to analyze the quality of slides. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test on the SPSS program (SPSS 18.0). In all LBC preparations, endometrial cells from the novel endometrial cells preservation solution had more cell quantity, less red blood cell fragments, and the background was cleaner compared with control group. Although the novel endometrial-cell preservation solution showed cellularity and absence of blood and debris expressed by no statistically significant differences (p = 0.063 and 0.102 respectively). The preservation period of the two kinds of liquids was equivalent. Conclusions The novel endometrial-cell preservation solution is superior to the liquid-base cell preservation solution for cervical cells, with clear background, diagnostic cells and low cost.