The study of peculiarities specific for the spatial organization of communities of living organisms allows to develop principles of the rational and effective use of the biosphere natural resources and optimal adaptation of mankind to the natural environment. The aim of the research was to study communities of the soil mesofauna as an integral indicator of the state of soils under conditions of applying the traditional farming technology, to carry out the quantitative accounting of the soil mesofauna, and assessment of morphometric parameters of sunflower plants in places of selecting soil and zoological samples, to determine the species composition and abundance, as well as to analyze the ecological structure of the soil mesofauna community. Rheophilous species predominate on black steam, and mesophilic species predominate under sunflower. This can be explained by the fact that in the periodic cultivation of black steam, the evaporation from the soil surface is much higher. Ultra-mega-coenotrophs are dominant on black steam, and megacoenotrophs are dominant under sunflower. Since both demonstration trails are laid on one field, but have strategically been divided into a plot under black steam and a plot under sunflower, one can assume a different degree of saturation of the soil solution, as during the growth the crop being cultivated uses soil nutrients. Among topomorphs of soil animals, exactly soil animals are dominant, which is characteristic for both demonstration trails being studied. In the composition of trophomorphs of soil animals, phytophages are dominant in soil of the test demonstration trail on black steam, and in soil of the test demonstration trail, where sunflower was cultivated, phyto- and saprophages predominate in equal proportions. As a result of the correlation analysis, statistically reliable dependences are obtained: – numbers of soil animals in soil of the demonstration trail on black steam – on the distance from forest belt areas (-0.23) and length and width of sunflower leaves - on the distance from forest belt areas (0.53 and 0.53 respectively). The species composition, abundance and distribution in space of soil invertebrates are an informative indicator, which reflects the ecological state of soils, intensity in development of soil horizons as well as intensity of processes occurring in them.

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<p>In article approaches for statistical estimation of composite variables are considered. The soil aggregate structure is described by indicators which concern a category composite variable, i.e. such which in the sum always compound the fixed number (in our case it is 100 %). Mathematical properties of composite variables is essential confine possibility of various types of mathematical actions, including statistical analysis, over the data on soil aggregate structure. For application of statistical and other mathematical methods of analysis of the data of aggregate structure this data should be preliminary transformed. The classical soil structure coefficient is closest on ideology to the transformed variables, but its mathematical form not to the full meets the requirements of the further statistical procedures as is somewhat arbitrary. In the literature there are various variants of bases of orthogonal log-transformation of the data, but there are no ecologically well-founded criteria for their choice. For a choice of the best basis of transformation we offer a method of comparison of transformation results with edaphic properties matrixes or matrixes of plants morphometry. The optimum decision represents such basis which gives the best correlation with matrix external in relation to a composite variable of properties. Ordinary and partial Mantel tests have allowed to establish that the variation of aggregation structure is at the bottom of variability morphometric indicators of corn from the sowings which are on given bedrock. In turn correlation of aggregation structure with other edaphic properties is a consequence of their co-ordinated variability owing to unity of soil as is natural-historical body.</p> <p><em>Keywords</em><em>: composite variables, log-transformation, aggregation structure, soil properties.</em><em></em></p>

Spatial variation of soil properties within polygon on the agricultural field occupied with corn have been considered in article. Geostatistics parameter estimation had been drawn by Bayesian inference. As spatial model the Matern variogram has been considered. Such approach allowed adding the existing list of the geostatistics parameters with smoothing from this model. Such edaphic parameters as soil density, humidity, temperature, and electrical conductivity have been considered. 100 per cent of variation of investigated property could be explained by nugget-effect that considered as null-alternative. Such situation is observed after bedrock machining. Formation of spatial patterns of edaphic properties was considered as a result of exogenous factors (relief, vegetation, gradient of climatic conditions) and endogenous like an inherent soli ability to self-organization.

Можливості географічно зваженого метода головних компонент для аналізу просторової нестаціонарності взаємозв'язку морфометричних характеристик кукурудзи (Zea mays L.) 397 Методика проведення дослідженьМожливості географічно зваженого метода головних компонент для аналізу просторової нестаціонарності взаємозв'язку морфометричних характеристик кукурудзи (Zea mays L.) (2015). Ability of the geographically weighted principal components analysis for assessing of the maize (Zea mays L.) spatial nonstationarity morphometrics traits interrelation. Chornomors'k. bot. z., 11 (3): 397-406. doi:10.14255/2308-9628/15.113/13. Spatial patterns of maize morphometrics traits interrelation variability with geographically weighted principal components analysis at large-scale level have been revealed. Spatial variability of covariation structures which describes interrelation between morphometrics indicators and density of standing of maize have been established. The global pattern of interrelation obtained by means of the classical principal component analysis have been shown as not to be identical to local covariation structures. Local covariation structures which found with geographically weighted principal components analysis within an optimum kernel bandwidth are characterised by much higher level of nonrandom variability which is described by first three principal components. The part of a dispersion which specifies in a coordination of morphological structures, is characterised by natural spatial trends of a variation. Local covariation structures form spatially natural patterns of the placing. Feature of these structures is quantitative redistribution of those values or other signs within the limits of enough invariant configurations. The continuity covariation structures in a qualitative sense at various scale levels (global and local) but with local quantitative specificity is shown. This specificity is shown in prevalence of this or that indicator as basic marker main components at local level. Revealing of spatial patterns covariation structures puts a problem of understanding of the nature of this spatial regularity. Keywords: principal components analysis, morphometric traits, spatial variabilityЖУКОВ О.В., АНДРУСЕВИЧ К.В. (2015). Можливості географічно зваженого метода головних компонент для аналізу просторової нестаціонарності взаємозв'язку морфометричних характеристик кукурудзи (Zea mays L.). Чорноморськ. бот. ж., 11 (3): 397-406. doi:10.14255/2308-9628/15.113/13. Виявлені просторові патерни мінливості взаємозв'язку морфометричних характеристик кукурудзи методами географічно зваженого аналізу головних компонент на великомасштабному рівні. Установлено просторову варіабельність коваріаційної структури, що описує взаємозв'язок між морфометричними показниками та густотою стояння кукурудзи. Показано, що глобальний патерн взаємозв'язку, отриманий засобами класичного аналізу головних компонент, не ідентичний локальним коваріаційним структурам. Локальні коваріаційні структури, які розкриваються за допомогою аналізу...