BACKGROUNDRefractive errors are considered to be a preventable cause of blindness, leading to visual disabilities in children. As per WHO Vision 2020 initiative high priority is given for correction of refractive error as it is placed within the category of "childhood blindness". Uncorrected refractive error can result in amblyopia or strabismus. The risk of developing amblyopia occurs if the children are not screened early for refractive errors and corrected on time. Most of the children with uncorrected refractive errors are asymptomatic and screening helps in early detection and timely intervention to avoid complications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency and pattern of refractive errors, and to analyse associations between refractive error and different types of strabismus and amblyopia in paediatric age group <12 years who attended our Ophthalmology OPD at Govt. Stanley Medical College Hospital located in North Chennai.