The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to summarize the direct and indirect clinical evidence on the effectiveness of professionally applied and self-applied topical fluorides in preventing dental root caries. Controlled clinical trials with any follow-up duration were included. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched. Two reviewers independently carried out the selection of studies, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments, and assessment of the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Fixed effects model and frequentist approach were used in the network meta-analyses. Nine clinical trials involving 4,030 participants were included. Five professionally applied and 7 self-applied topical fluoride agents or combinations were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to control group, 38% silver diamine fluoride solution, 5% sodium fluoride varnish, and 1.2% acidulated phosphate fluoride reduced root caries increment after 2 y (ranging from 0.59 to 0.85 mean decayed or filled root [DF-root]). Fluoride mouth rinse and fluoride toothpaste, used alone or in combination, reduced root caries increment after 1 y (ranging from 0.29 to 1.90 mean DF-root). Among the professionally applied topical fluorides reviewed, an annually applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution combined with oral health education is most likely to be the most effective in preventing dental root caries. Among the reviewed self-applied topical fluoride methods, daily use of a 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse is most likely to be the most effective, followed by 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste plus 0.05% NaF mouth rinse, and 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste.

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Background: In current head and neck oncology practice, threedimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) based virtual planning of resection and reconstruction, followed by guided surgery, is standard of care. However, tumours are usually well visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while less clearly on CT. Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve the current workflow by developing a method for obtaining 3D MRI-based mandible models, in order to plan the bony resection margins with MRI-based visualisation of the tumour. Methods: A workflow for MRI based surgical planning and guided surgery was developed using a four-step approach, including a general exploration phase, test series, validation series and guided surgery. Key MRI parameters were defined in phase 1, followed by application of selected sequences on healthy volunteers in phase 2. The optimised MRI protocol was validated by application on a patient series (n = 10) and comparison to CT data of the same patient, phase 3. Phase 4 provided examination of the clinical value during surgery. Findings: Three black bone sequences were applied for all cases. In comparison-analysis, mean deviation values between the MRIand the CT-based models were found to be 0.56 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.58 mm. Guided surgery was performed in two cases resulting in a mean deviation of the resection planes of 2.3 mm, 3.8 mm for the fibula segments, and a mean axis deviation of the fibula segments of 1.9 •. Conclusion: This study provides a method for 3D virtual resection planning and guided surgery, based on solely MRI imaging. Therefore no additional CT data fusion is required.