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A study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of antimicrobial treatment for chronic prostatitis as a means of defining the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Significant U. urealyticum cells were considered to be isolated from the prostates of 18 of 143 prostatitis patients. These patients with ureaplasma-associated prostatitis were randomly treated with either ofloxacin or minocycline for 2 weeks; 4 patients were excluded due to voluntary withdrawal. U. urealyticum was eradicated in all the patients. Symptoms were resolved in 10 patients, and leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretion were cleared in 4 patients; both drug treatments revealed similar results. Even if we exclude 3 patients with significant coexistent Staphylococcus epidermidis cells before treatment, 3 of 11 patients evaluated showed complete resolution of symptoms and clearance of leukocytes in expressed prostatic fluid. These results suggest that U. urealyticum is a causative organism in some patients with chronic prostatitis.

Quartan malaria developed following splenectomy 36 years after infection in a 63-year-old hypertensive man. The patient underwent nephrectomy because of left renal calculus, increasing proteinuria and hypertension. Splenectomy was done additionally because metastasis of renal tumor to the spleen was suspected at the operation. Attention is drawn to the long silent infection with Plasmodium malariae and to the importance of the spleen in malaria.

Muscle mass loss and worsening physical function are crucial issues in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). However, few studies have investigated the association between temporal changes in muscle mass and physical function in a large number of HD patients. We examined 286 patients receiving HD (males, 58%; age, 66.8 ± 13.0 years) at a single center, and calculated the percent changes in psoas muscle mass index (%PMI) using computed tomography over two screenings, once per year (July 2011–June 2013). Physical function was evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) (range 0–4). The observation period was from July 2012 to June 2021. The median %PMI was -9.5%, and those with the lowest quartile of %PMI (< −20.5%) showed a significantly poor prognosis compared with other patients (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that these patients tended to have decreased physical function (ECOG-PS 2–4) [odds ratio (OR): 2.46, p < 0.001] and albumin levels (OR: 0.22, p = 0.007). Multiple-factor-adjusted Cox regression analyses showed that %PMI (hazard ratio: 0.99, p = 0.004) and each ECOG-PS stage (1–4 vs. 0) (p < 0.01) were associated with mortality. Augmenting physical activities in daily life and serum albumin levels should be considered to maintain muscle mass and improve the prognosis of patients receiving HD.