Quartan Malaria Following Splenectomy 36 Years after Infection *

Tsuchida, H; Yamaguchi, K; Yamamoto, Sinya; Ebisawa, I

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.163

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This observation also has implications for human malaria. It is known that in patients with a previous history of malaria, often with no new infections for many years, following splenectomy suffer an abrupt onset of Pladmodium falciparum (26), P. malariae (27), and Plasmodium vivax (28) malarias. These splenectomies usually follow splenic trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent blood-stagePlasmodiumsurvive in dendritic cells that infect naive mice

Wykes

Kay

Manderson

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasmodium spp. parasites cause malaria in 300 to 500 million individuals each year. Disease occurs during the blood-stage of the parasite's life cycle, where the parasite is thought to replicate exclusively within erythrocytes. Infected individuals can also suffer relapses after several years, from Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale surviving in hepatocytes. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae can also persist after the original bout of infection has apparently cleared in the blood, suggesting that host cells other than erythrocytes (but not hepatocytes) may harbor these blood-stage parasites, thereby assisting their escape from host immunity. Using blood stage transgenic Plasmodium bergheiexpressing GFP (PbGFP) to track parasites in host cells, we found that the parasite had a tropism for CD317 + dendritic cells. Other studies using confocal microscopy, in vitro cultures, and cell transfer studies showed that blood-stage parasites could infect, survive, and replicate within CD317 + dendritic cells, and that small numbers of these cells released parasites infectious for erythrocytes in vivo. These data have identified a unique survival strategy for blood-stage Plasmodium, which has significant implications for understanding the escape of Plasmodium spp. from immune-surveillance and for vaccine development.immune evasion | rodent malaria M alaria commences when an infected female anopheline mosquito bites and deposits, up to 125 Plasmodium sporozoites under the skin of the host (1). Studies using Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, showed that a proportion will remain in the skin and infect keratinocytes (2), others are drained by the lymphatic system and are trapped in lymph nodes, and a fraction of the deposited sporozoites enter blood vessels to migrate to the liver (3). In the liver, typically between 1 and 10 sporozoites invade hepatocytes. Other studies have shown that sporozoites can invade and migrate through other cell types, including macrophages (4), Kupffer cells (5, 6), epithelial cells, and fibroblasts (7).The sporozoites within hepatocytes develop by a process of schizogony into merozoite forms, which escape from an infected liver cell into the sinusoid lumen (8) to invade RBC. Within RBC, the merozoites then develop into "ring" trophozoites, then mature trophozoites, and finally a schizont containing up to 32 new merozoites. These schizont-infected RBC then rupture to release merozoites that are able to invade new RBCs, resulting in an increase of parasite biomass. The Plasmodium life cycle continues when some merozoites develop into the sexual parasite stages, the male and female gametocytes, which can be taken up by mosquitoes during blood meals (9).Some Plasmodium infections, such as Plasmodium malariae (10) and Plasmodium inui (11), persist for years and sometimes for the life of the host (12), and the reasons for this are not understood. To date, the blood-stage parasites of mammalian Plasmodium spp. are thought to survive and replicate only within RBC, but it has long been suspecte...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent blood-stagePlasmodiumsurvive in dendritic cells that infect naive mice

Wykes

Kay

Manderson

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human infection by P. malariae is often asymptomatic and long-lasting (up to last 40 years in the absence of re-infection) with blood stages probably persisting for a lifetime [26–29]. Patient evaluation has been reported due to recrudescence induced by splenectomy performed for malaria-unrelated reasons [30] or when malaria is acquired from transfusions with Plasmodium -infected blood, as observed in Latin America [31]. …”

Section: Malaria-causing Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Recht

Siqueira

Monteiro

et al. 2017

Malar J

230

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in South America in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. Most malaria cases in South America come from Amazon rain forest areas in northern countries, where more than half of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence has decreased in recent years. This review discusses current malaria data, policies and challenges in four South American Amazon countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Challenges to continuing efforts to further decrease malaria incidence in this region include: a significant increase in malaria cases in recent years in Venezuela, evidence of submicroscopic and asymptomatic infections, peri-urban malaria, gold mining-related malaria, malaria in pregnancy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and primaquine use, and possible under-detection of Plasmodium malariae. Some of these challenges underscore the need to implement appropriate tools and procedures in specific regions, such as a field-compatible molecular malaria test, a P. malariae-specific test, malaria diagnosis and appropriate treatment as part of regular antenatal care visits, G6PD test before primaquine administration for P. vivax cases (with weekly primaquine regimen for G6PD deficient individuals), single low dose of primaquine for P. falciparum malaria in Colombia, and national and regional efforts to contain malaria spread in Venezuela urgently needed especially in mining areas. Joint efforts and commitment towards malaria control and elimination should be strategized based on examples of successful regional malaria fighting initiatives, such as PAMAFRO and RAVREDA/AMI.

show abstract

“…Only a small number of African, Asian, and American cases have been described in the official literature. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] On the basis of four Thai case reports, Looareesuwan and others concluded that the spleen may not be essential for the processes leading to parasite clearance in partially immune patients. 10 The rare clinical and parasitologic features of Plasmodium falciparum infections that we report in two immune, splenectomized men living in French Guiana do not support this conclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Splenectomized Patients: Two Case Reports in French Guiana and a Literature Review

Demar

Legrand²,

Hommel³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some of the immunologic mechanisms involved in malaria physiopathology remain unclear. In animals, the spleen seems to play a key role in protecting the host against malaria. However, little is known about the effect of spleen dysfunction on human malaria. We report two severe cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection with unusual clinical and parasitologic features in two splenectomized men living in French Guiana. The peripheral blood of these cases showed hyperparasitemia, with a high proportion of mature parasites and leukocytes with malaria pigment. Despite appropriate treatment and adequate absorption, hyperparasitemia persisted. Parasite clearance was delayed and one patient died. Only the patient who died had the merozoite surface protein 1 allele B-K1 and the varD gene genotype, which is considered to be a probable parasite virulence factor. These uncommon cases differ from most of those described in the literature, illustrating the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the protective function of the spleen in human malaria.

show abstract

Quartan Malaria Following Splenectomy 36 Years after Infection *

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Rodent blood-stagePlasmodiumsurvive in dendritic cells that infect naive mice

Rodent blood-stagePlasmodiumsurvive in dendritic cells that infect naive mice

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Splenectomized Patients: Two Case Reports in French Guiana and a Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About