Rice is cultivated in the three seasons (Aus, Aman, and Boro) across four ecotypes, including irrigat-ed, rainfed upland, rainfed lowland, and deep water in Bangladesh. Rice farming in unfavourable ecosystems is highly exposed to abiotic stresses and extreme weather events (floods, droughts, storm surges, and cyclones), and its performance is frequently affected by the multiple-stresses and extreme weather events. Besides, the increasing demand for rice for the growing population and decreasing scarce resources, including arable land and fresh-water for irrigation aggravated the concern about sustainable rice production systems under future conditions. Thus, the paper aimed to exploit unfa-vourable ecosystems to increase total rice production for meeting future demand. Secondary data were analyzed to achieve the objectives of the study. BR23, BRRI dhan40, BRRI dhan41, BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan53, BRRI dhan54, BRRI dhan61, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan73, BRRI dhan97, BRRI dhan99, BINA dhan-8 and BINA dhan-10 are resilient to salinity. Besides, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan66, BRRI dhan71, and BRRI dhan83 are resilient to drought, and BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan79, BINA dhan11, and BINA dhan-12 are tolerant to submergence. The BR18, BRRI dhan36, BRRI dhan67, and BRRI dhan69 are some-extent resilient to cold. The research has been con-tinuing for developing further stress-tolerant higher yield potential rice cultivars for unfavourable ecosystems. The increased adoption of currently available stress-tolerant rice cultivars has the poten-tial to give a substantially higher yield than that of locally popular rice cultivars in the unfavourable ecosystems. Therefore, the dissemination of stress-tolerant cultivars to 75% of total rice cropping are-as of saline (0.37 Mha), submergence (1.08 Mha), and drought (2.94 Mha) ecosystem may contribute to increasing rice production in the ecosystems by 1.26 MT, 3.45 MT, and 9.18 MT, respectively. Re-sulting from that 13.89 MT rice will be added to the national rice basket in 2050. The policy supports are needed to strengthen for developing and rapid dissemination of the stress-tolerant cultivars in the unfavourable ecosystems for meeting the increased demand of rice of the growing population under future conditions. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 83-102, 2021

Pulmonary haemodynamic status has got significant clinical and prognostic significance both in structural and nonstructural heart diseases. But diagnostic accuracy depends on much care in evaluation and logical correlation of different echocardiographic parameters. Though the Doppler studies play crucial role in estimating Pulmonary haemodynamics, careful observation of 2-D measurements of different structures as well as RV systolic and diastolic function are vital issues to be addressed and correlated for diagnostic accuracy. Tricuspid Valve, RVOT and Pulmonary valve pathologies also demand vivid correlation while estimating PA pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. Mere presence of elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure is not enough to define pulmonary hypertension (PH). Before declaring a patient having PH a comprehensive evaluation of right heart haemodynamics is to be performed carefully to avoid unnecessary cardiac catheterization or to avoid inadvertent initiation of PH therapy. Cardiovasc. j. 2021; 13(2): 200-216

Per capita rice consumption in Bangladesh is in a decreasing trend. Considering the constant loss of per capita daily dietary energy @ 0.028% year-1, nutrition-based prediction of daily dietary energy intake (kcal) may be reduced to 2201 and 2188 kcal for our population by 2030 and 2050, respectively. We are optimistic that consuming per capita rice consumption of 365 g and 363 g (dry wt. basis) in 2030 and 2050, respectively will help to attain the current trends of 59.0% of Calorie intake from rice only. Appro-priate amount of rice intake including incorporating rice-based products in our daily diet, we will able to attain daily required dietary allowance and combination of both may ensure nutritional security along with food security in Bangladesh in a way to effective utilization of the rice grain. Rice is nutraceu-tically enriched because of the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidants. Research thrust of BRRI is to focus on releasing nutraceutically enriched HYVs such as high zinc, high iron, beta carotene (A Vit A precursor) enriched antioxidant rice etc. Gluten free rice-based bakery products have potential to get popularize in Bangladeshi population with ensuring high nutritional value and effective management of controlling non-communicable diseases since lesser amount of rice carbohydrates are being utilized in formulating products such as rice biscuit, rice cake etc. BRRI has formulated gluten free rice-based energy dense product specially rice biscuit (ED 5.15) could be extended as a potential nutri-tionally balanced dry food application in malnutrition mitigation programme, school feeding nutritional programme and humanitarian relief operation replacing current wheat-based products. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 103-117, 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is a concern for humans and animals all over the world. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry has become one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance development in microorganisms. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from raw meat, intestine, feces and feed of farm chicken, cow and local chicken. Samples were collected from different retail shops at Malibagh area in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Bacterial load was enumerated, potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified and antibiogram was determined following standard methods. A total of 43 bacterial isolates were identified from different samples which were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia and Acinetobacter spp. Eight types of antibiotics such as, Ampicillin-10μg, Gentamicin-10μg, Amikacin-10μg, Amoxicillin-10μg, Ceftriaxone-30μg, Imipenem-10μg, Chloramphenicol-30μg and Tetracycline-30μg were used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria. The antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from feed and feces samples of cow and chicken were found to be similar. Isolated bacteria from chicken meats showed higher antimicrobial resistance (80-100%) against Ampicillin-10μg, Imipenem-10μg and Amoxicillin-10μg compared to cow meat isolates. The incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a threat to animals, food handlers and consumers if they are being infected by these antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.12 (1) 2022: 37-42