In developing countries or economies in transition, many people die because of lack of safe blood, even in some urban healthcare facilities. Blood transfusions can save lives and improve health, but millions of patients did not timely access to safe blood, due to no reliable blood donors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B in blood donors from the Sendwe General Provincial Hospital. This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study on serum markers of hepatitis B study taking place over a period of 12 months from 1 January to 31 December 2014. This study showed that the prevalence of hepatitis B was 6.8%, and 78.7% of donors were male. The mean age was 34.1 ± 7.4 years, ranging from 18 to 57 years. Married, family donors, blood type O and Rh positive were the most represented with 81.1%, 68.6%, 58.8% and 99.3% respectively. A significant association was observed between the prevalence of hepatitis B and age, civil status of blood donors (p ≤ 0.001). These results should encourage health authorities to the implementation of effective prevention methods to stop the rapid spread of this infection, which is a serious public health problem.

The WHO estimates that about 130 million children born each year worldwide, and about 4 million die during the neonatal period. Neonatal mortality remains until now a major public health problem in the world and is the socioeconomic indicators of progress and health of a country by its frequency. This study aimed to identify risk factors of neonatal mortality through maternal and newborn characteristics susceptible to influence this last. We conducted a longitudinal study from January 1st to December 2014 based on data collected through a questionnaire developed for this purpose. This questionnaire was tested, standardized and administered in the maternity and neonatology service in the language spoken by the mother (Swahili or French). Results: Anemia and neonatal asphyxia were significantly associated with the occurrence of death with adjusted odds ratio of 34.570 respectively (CI: 5.633 to 212.149, 95%) and 7861 (CI: 2.017 to 30.644). The history of fetal deaths and HIV in mothers was also recognized as an explanatory factor for the occurrence of neonatal mortality. But it should be noted that the CPN followed and the history of genital bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy have made protective factors for developing neonatal mortality with their respective adjusted OR of 0.169 (CI: 0.037 to 0.775, 95%) and 0.066