The T. inhamatum F6-2014 fungus was isolated from the black soils of Northern Kazakhstan in stationary experiments with many years of herbicide use. The research was aimed at studying the biodegrading activity of T. inhamatum in relation to an herbicide with the glyphosate active ingredient, both in vitro and in situ. Under the laboratory conditions, the highest growth rate of a colony of T. inhamatum was observed in the reference variant, and reached 49.0 ± 2.5 mm. During the field experiments, a significant increase was noted in the microbial biomass (MB) on the first day in the herbicidal variants and ranged from 239.2 to 322.8 µg/g of soil. On the 15th day, the level of MB in all herbicide variants increased 1.6-2.1 times, and in the reference-2.3 times. By the second month, the level of MB reduced 1.5-2.0 times in all variants. By the third month of the studies, the greatest MB decrease was noted in the reference-82.8 µg/g. The level of urease activity during the first day in all variants, including the reference, ranged between 0.12-0.15 mg/g of soil. On the 15th day, a significant (3.3 times) increase in the urease activity was noted in the variants with glyphosate, compared to the reference. Subsequently, the difference in the level of enzyme activity was insignificant between the variants. The MB and the urease activity in the first fifteen days increase due to the more active decomposition of glyphosate by strain.

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Изучена вариабельность элементов минерального питания растений в почвах полигона точного земледелия НПЦЗХ им. А. И. Бараева для определения типичности выбранного участка землепользования в целях демонстрации использования системы точного земледелия. Общий объем обследованной площади составил 2400 га. Отбор почвенных проб проводился сеточным методом по 5 гектарным элементарным участкам. Результаты анализа показали низкую вариативность полей по содержанию калия, гумуса и рН. Коэффициент вариации не превышал 25%. Высокая вариабельность отмечена для нитратного азота и подвижного фосфора, при этом содержание нитратного азота (9,3 мг/кг) и подвижного фосфора (24,5 мг/кг) находилось на уровне средней обеспеченности. Выявлена высокая обеспеченность калием в почве - > 600 мг/кг. Содержание органического вещества не превышало 4%. Группировка почв по степени кислотности была сильнощелочной 8,6–9,0. Выявлена неравномерная группировка полей по азоту и фосфору. Доля полей со средней обеспеченностью азотом и фосфором составляет 63-66%. Исходя из оптимума N-NO3 и Р2О5, на 50% полей требуется внесение минеральных удобрений. Рекомендовано применение дифференцированного внесения удобрений, что позволяет выровнять агрохимический фон. Выявлена типичное варьирование агрохимических показателей обследованных сельскохозяйственных угодий полигона, соответствующее южным карбонатным черноземам.

Intensive use of the chernozem soils of Northern Kazakhstan since the development of virgin lands has led to soil erosion and loss of humus. Since 1954, according to researchers, 1.2 bln tons of organic matter have been irretrievably lost. During this period, the methods of tillage have changed significantly from surface to subsurface tillage, which led to a change in the method of accumulation of organic residues in the soil. The purpose of this study was the short-term monitoring of spring wheat cultivation technologies to observe their influence on crop productivity and soil agrocenosis. A virgin plot was used as a standard of soil fertility. Determination of nutrients in the soil was carried out by using the method of "wet chemistry" with spectrophotometric termination. An infrared analyzer was used to assess the grain quality. The identification of soil microorganisms was carried out on nutrient microbiological media, such as meat-and-peptone agar, starch-and-ammonia agar, and Czapek-Dox agar. The results of three-year studies showed that the humus content in the variants with permanent wheat decreased to 3.26-3.38%. The greatest decrease in humus content was observed in the two-field grain and fallow crop rotation (2.48%). The decrease in the amount of humus occurred as a result of insufficient intake of plant residues and mineral fertilizers. The content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in virgin soil is low. Soil micromycetes dominate on virgin lands, whereas ammonifiers and immobilizers dominate on cultivated soils. The high level of carbon dioxide emissions on virgin land (3.0 C 2 kg/ha/hour) is due to the presence of a large amount of plant biomass. The most optimal variant out the considered technological backgrounds from the point of view of increasing yields up to 15.8 c/ha and preserving soil fertility (3.26% humus content) is the cultivation of permanent wheat with the introduction of fertilizers and herbicides. The use of two-field grain and fallow crop rotation leads to irreplaceable losses of organic matter (2.48%).