The impact of polymer architecture on network dynamics and self-healing is presented using bottlebrushes containing side chains that are end-functionalized with 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy). The synthesis of these materials is straightforward through a three-step process: (1) synthesizing rubbery poly(4-methylcaprolactone) macromonomers (p4MCL–OH) with a norbornene-based initiator, (2) functionalizing the terminal hydroxyl group with UPy–isocyanate (p4MCL–UPy), and (3) statistically copolymerizing p4MCL–OH and p4MCL–UPy via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to form hydrogen-bonding bottlebrushes having a fraction (p) of side chains functionalized with UPy. Attaching UPy to the free end of bottlebrush side chains dilutes the impact of friction from complementary UPy interactions on segmental dynamics, leading to a much weaker dependence of the glass-transition temperature (T g) on p than observed in linear analogues, while the activation energy to dissociate UPy–UPy bonds (41–47 kJ/mol) remains mostly unchanged. Longer side chains result in a competition between reducing T g and inducing entanglements that influence hydrogen-bonded network dynamics. Increasing the backbone length extends the sticky Rouse region without affecting the network modulus (G x) or UPy–UPy dissociation time (τs). G x scales linearly with p and ranges from 27 kPa to 1.6 MPa, while τs remains nearly constant in contrast to linear telechelic ionomers, implying a similar self-healability across bottlebrush networks containing different amounts of UPy. These stretchable networks with p ≤ 0.25 undergo self-healing upon repeated rupture and melt pressing at ≤100 °C while retaining similar tensile properties. In summary, decorating bottlebrush polymers with hydrogen bonds creates opportunities to independently manipulate associative network dynamics and mechanical moduli.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on poly-(acrylate) chemistry are common in a wide variety of applications, but the absence of backbone degradability causes issues with recycling and sustainability. Here, we report a strategy to create degradable poly(acrylate) PSAs using simple, scalable, and functional 1,2-dithiolanes as drop-in replacements for traditional acrylate comonomers. Our key building block is α-lipoic acid, a natural, biocompatible, and commercially available antioxidant found in various consumer supplements. α-Lipoic acid and its derivative ethyl lipoate efficiently copolymerize with n-butyl acrylate under conventional free-radical conditions leading to high-molecular-weight copolymers (M n > 100 kg mol −1 ) containing a tunable concentration of degradable disulfide bonds along the backbone. The thermal and viscoelastic properties of these materials are practically indistinguishable from nondegradable poly(acrylate) analogues, but a significant reduction in molecular weight is realized upon exposure to reducing agents such as tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (e.g., M n = 198 kg mol −1 → 2.6 kg mol −1 ). By virtue of the thiol chain ends produced after disulfide cleavage, degraded oligomers can be further cycled between high and low molecular weights through oxidative repolymerization and reductive degradation. Transforming otherwise persistent poly(acrylates) into recyclable materials using simple and versatile chemistry could play a pivotal role in improving the sustainability of contemporary adhesives.
Multiblock copolymers with increasingly complex block sequences� for example, triblock terpolymers�offer unique opportunities to create nanostructured materials, but this potential has been hindered by a vast design space that complicates the exploration of structure−property relationships. Here, we report a versatile and scalable strategy to separate parent ABC and isomeric ACB triblock terpolymers into libraries of fractionated samples spanning a wide range of compositions. Using a combination of controlled polymerization and automated chromatography, the synthesis and separation of less than 10 ABC and ACB parent materials gave rise to over 100 purified triblock terpolymers. Separations follow systematic and predictable trends in volume fraction resulting from an adsorption-based mechanism where chains rich in non-polar blocks elute first, followed by more polar derivatives, yielding fractions with improved purity in composition and molar-mass dispersity. As evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering, fractionation significantly enhances long-range order compared to as-synthesized parent materials and allows for the definitive identification of various nanoscale morphologies. This user-friendly separation strategy significantly increases the availability of welldefined ABC triblock terpolymer libraries to the polymer community while also improving sample quality and accelerating discovery.
Wearable electronics and biointerfacing technology require materials that are both compliant and conductive. The typical design strategy exploits polymer composites containing conductive particles, but the addition of a hard filler generally leads to a substantial increase in modulus that is not well-matched to biological tissue. Here, we report a new class of supersoft, conductive composites comprising carbon nanotubes (CNT) embedded in bottlebrush polymer networks. By virtue of the bottlebrush polymer architecture, these materials are several orders of magnitude softer than comparable composites in the literature involving linear polymer networks. For example, a CNT content of 0.25 wt % yields a shear modulus of 66 kPa while maintaining a typical conductivity for a CNT composite (ca. 10–2 S/m). An added benefit of this bottlebrush matrix chemistry is the presence of dynamic polyester bonds that facilitate thermal (re)processing. This unique strategy of designing soft composites provides new opportunities to tailor the structure and properties of sustainable advanced materials.
Halide double perovskites [A2MIMIIIX6] are an important class of materials that have garnered substantial interest as non‐toxic alternatives to conventional lead iodide perovskites for optoelectronic applications. While numerous studies have examined chloride and bromide double perovskites, reports of iodide double perovskites are rare, and their definitive structural characterization has not been reported. Predictive models have aided us here in the synthesis and characterization of five iodide double perovskites of general formula Cs2NaLnI6 (Ln=Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy). The complete crystal structures, structural phase transitions, optical, photoluminescent, and magnetic properties of these compounds are reported.
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