Newborn care is an essential component of the health care delivery system to maintain the optimal health of the newborn and reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn. Neonatal care refers to the services which are provided by the mother to their neonates such as maintaining thermoregulation, breastfeeding, hygiene, immunization, and care of umbilical cord. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of neonatal care among postnatal mothers. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and 150 postnatal mothers were selected using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews with a Likert scale and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result revealed that 60.7 percent of the postnatal mother was aged between more than 25 years. The majority of the postnatal mother (60.7%) of had good knowledge and majority of the respondent (80.7%) of had adequate practice regarding neonatal care. Among multigravida mothers, the majority (61.9%) had good knowledge of neonatal care. Where among primigravida mothers, majority (54.2%) had good knowledge. Among multigravida mothers, the majority (78.6%) had adequate practices on neonatal care.Wheres among primigravida mothers; majority (91.7%) had adequate practices. There is a significant association between the level of knowledge and age (P=0.020), occupational status (P= 0.027), and type of family (p= 0.004). It is concluded that multigravida mothers had good knowledge and adequate practices compared to primigravida mothers. Hence, there is a need for awareness programs by government and non-government organizations, especially among first-time pregnant mothers. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 279-284

Relevance. Nursing process is a scientific method of organizing and providing nursing care. Due to imbalance of nurse patient ratio, application of nursing process in actual clinical setting is very limited which reduces the quality nursing care. Despite the importance of application of nursing process, there is no standard nursing process protocol available in the hospital where study was carried out. The governments set a standard nurse patient ratio in Nepal, UK and USA is 1:10, 1:8, and 1:5 respectively. However, global statistic has been revealed due to improper nurse patient ratio which cannot implement the nursing process for patient caring which are being for leading cause of mortality of patient in hospitals. Aim of the study. The study was conducted to assess the application of the nursing process among nurses working in teaching hospital. Additionally, this study explores the association between status of application of nursing process and selected variables. Materials and Methods. Based on a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A simple random sampling technique was applied for nurses working in tertiary hospital of Chitwan, Nepal. The data was collected using structured questionnaire among 182 nurses. The statistical analysis tool chi-square was used to find out the association and logistic bivariate to find out the odds ratio. Results and Discussion. The result indicates that only 23.1 % of nurses have moderate level of application of nursing process. Majority of nurses did not follow standard ways of nursing process. This study also explored the influencing variable for barriers related to nurses and profession. Age (p=0.001), professional qualification (p=0.001) and learning approach (p=0.022) were the significant influencing variable for barriers related to nurses whereas practical skill (p= 0.001), cooperation among nurses (p=0.008) and difficulty in diagnosis characteristic (p=0.010) were the barrier related to profession. Conclusion. It was concluded that the majority of nurses working in teaching hospital of Nepal did not follow the standard ways of nursing process so that barriers for the application of nursing process are identified. The overall ratio of nurses to patients in the teaching hospital is 1:16, that is in the lower range than the standards set by the government. Therefore, special attention must be paid to adherence to a standardized nursing process protocol for quality medical care.

Relevance . Oxygen therapy is commonly used in the emergency and critical cases which is the first line treatment in many critical conditions. Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment prescribed mainly for hypoxic patients, which provides oxygen at higher concentrations than that found in atmosphere (21%). Oxygen administering depends on the needs of the patients conditions and in some cases medical treatment. The present study aims to assess the level of awareness on oxygen therapy among nurses and examine the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and Methods . A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 125 samples. The data were collected for 6 weeks using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) was used for quantitative data analysis and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used to find out the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results and Discussion . The study revealed that 74.4% of the nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, 20% had average knowledge and 5.6% had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding oxygen therapy. A significant association was found between the knowledge level and age, educational status and experience of the respondents (p=0.001, 0.000, 0.016). Conclusion . The study concluded that the level of knowledge among nurses regarding oxygen therapy has lower than expected and is unsatisfactory. The results of the study can provide a framework for the healthcare policymakers to develop and implement educational programs on oxygen therapy for nurses in hospital setting.

Relevance. Nursing process is a scientific method of organizing and providing nursing care. Due to imbalance of nurse patient ratio, application of nursing process in actual clinical setting is very limited which reduces the quality nursing care. Despite the importance of application of nursing process, there is no standard nursing process protocol available in the hospital where study was carried out. The governments set a standard nurse patient ratio in Nepal, UK and USA is 1:10, 1:8, and 1:5 respectively. However, global statistic has been revealed due to improper nurse patient ratio which cannot implement the nursing process for patient caring which are being for leading cause of mortality of patient in hospitals. Aim of the study. The study was conducted to assess the application of the nursing process among nurses working in teaching hospital. Additionally, this study explores the association between status of application of nursing process and selected variables. Materials and Methods. Based on a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A simple random sampling technique was applied for nurses working in tertiary hospital of Chitwan, Nepal. The data was collected using structured questionnaire among 182 nurses. The statistical analysis tool chi-square was used to find out the association and logistic bivariate to find out the odds ratio. Results and Discussion. The result indicates that only 23,1 % of nurses have moderate level of application of nursing process. Majority of nurses did not follow standard ways of nursing process. This study also explored the infl ncing variable for barriers related to nurses and profession. Age (p=0.001), professional qualification (p=0.001) and learning approach (p=0.022) were the significant influencing variable for barriers related to nurses whereas practical skill (p= 0.001), cooperation among nurses (p=0.008) and diffi in diagnosis characteristic (p=0.010) were the barrier related to profession. Conclusion. It was concluded that the majority of nurses working in teaching hospital of Nepal did not follow the standard ways of nursing process so that barriers for the application of nursing process are identifi The overall ratio of nurses to patients in the teaching hospital is 1:16, that is in the lower range than the standards set by the government. Therefore, special attention must be paid to adherence to a standardized nursing process protocol for quality medical care.

Conflict can exist among individuals, educational institutions, organizations, leadership of department, between staff, students and among tutors Conflict management is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly and efficiently. The objective of the study is to assess the conflict management skills among nursing tutors working in nursing colleges. Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted for this study. Census method was used to select the subjects. Data collection was done among 74 nursing tutors of Kaski district. Data was collected by using self-administered Thomas Killman conflict mode standardized tool. The study revealed that 28.78% use avoiding, 20.58% use compromising, 19.9% use accommodating, and 18.74% collaborating and 12% use competing as conflict management skill. Conclusion: Avoiding was most commonly used conflict management style by nursing tutors whereas competing is the least. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-2: 359-361