The present study is concerned in the field of consumer buying behavior, especially e-shopping in Pakistan. E-commerce has created easiness and innovativeness in humans’ life. Online consumer buying behavior is not like a physical market having ability to touch, analyze, and thereafter shop the products. This study explores the effect of few variables, derived from existing literature. Those variables are perceived benefits, domain specific innovativeness, and shopping orientations, i.e., impulse-purchase orientation, brand orientation and quality orientation. The data was collected by mean of the questionnaires. The findings indicated that domain specific innovativeness and shopping orientations have positive impact on consumers’ buying behavior towards online shopping. Therefore, consumers are showing an interest to online shopping because of recent development of electronic stores in Pakistan.

Article History

No abstract

No abstract

As a large trading nation, China competes with importing countries’ domestic and third‐country markets but also creates growth opportunities for exporters. Most studies on China trade shocks or “China shocks” focuse on the impacts of import competition on developed economies. The present paper complements research on China shocks by exploring the other side of the trade exposure to China – China as the largest importer, rather than as an exporter. We analyze the effects of export expansion into China on the local labor markets of the exporting developing countries for the years 1992 to 2018. Using detailed export and employment data, we estimate employment pattern variations in manufacturing industries with exports from other developing countries as instruments for export exposure. We find that the increase in trade exposure to China in the world economy has caused extensive job gains in manufacturing industries in developing countries that were exporters. On average, our estimations show that this trade exposure created approximately 1.5 million additional jobs from 1992 to 2018, which made an important contribution to manufacturing industries in developing countries. Our empirical analysis also shows that trade had stabilizing effects on employment in the countries in our sample generally.