Naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K present in the rivers sediments of Northern Pakistan were measured using HPGe γ-ray spectrometer to evaluate the radiation health hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). Average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the sediments were found to be 50.66 ± 1.29, 70.15 ± 1.45 and 531.70 ± 5.45 Bq kg−1 respectively. Radium equivalent activity (190.89 Bq kg−1), outdoor external dose (87.47 nGy h−1), indoor external dose (165.39 nGy h−1), and total average annual effective dose (0.92 mSv) were calculated. The hazard indices are higher than the world's average values. Total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was found to be 3.21 × 10−3 which is relatively higher. Numerous cancer deaths are annually reported from the Northern areas of Pakistan, which may be related to high radioactivity in the area

This study is an attempt to explore different contextual issues related to the use of English language especially as second language when assessing student"s learning in different subject areas. The study focused on exploring teachers" perceptions about the role of English language in assessment and their practices related to English language proficiency of the learners, in social science subjects at Higher Education level. Based on criteria, twenty faculty members were interviewed. Document analysis was also key source of data collection. Data were analyzed qualitatively through descriptive thematic approach. Findings show that the language remains an issue even at First Degree (graduation level). Teachers expect from students that they should not have language related deficiencies. Teachers" expectations from the students in terms of their proficiency in English language were not being met. Few faculty members were viewing no role of English language in the subject they taught because of the nature of the subject they teach. Majority deducted marks (the deduction of marking varied from faculty to faculty) for grammatical mistakes and other deficiencies of students in their speaking and writings. They handled this issue according to their individual approach and understandings. The faculty who thought it impossible that English can be replaced by Urdu at graduation level. It can be recommended that there should be a common, uniform policy about the medium of instruction across the system. It could be a good start if such policies are designed and implemented at institutional level first. Such policies can then be developed for larger than institutional level.

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors in reduction of growth, development and production of plants. Germination of each seed is considered as one of the first and most fundamental life stages of a plant so that, the success in growth and yield production is also depending on this stage. To study the effect of PEG stress on germination and early seedling stages on maize, an experiment were laid out at laboratory conditions of Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding SKUAST-K FoA/RRS Wadura. This investigation was performed as factorial experiment under Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.Polyethylene glycol stress induced in laboratory caused progressive decline in both the parameters across all genotypes with increase in Polyethylene glycol from 0-20% and both the parameters (length of radical and root biomass) had highest value under control.

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The purpose of this study was to see if there was an association between work-family conflict and organizational commitment in university teachers. It was a quantitative research study that used a correlational research methodology, which means that no variables were modified and were instead revealed as they were. Teachers at the University of Education Lahore were the study's subjects. Carlson's Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) and Allen and Meyer's Employee Commitment Survey (ECS) were adapted with their consent. The census sampling method was used. The instrument was delivered among 336 teachers, and 216 questionnaires were returned, resulting in a 64 percent return rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Teachers were discovered to be dealing with work-family conflict while remaining dedicated to their organization. There was a negative association between the variables. The researcher suggests that this study be expanded using qualitative data.