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The most beneficial effects of renal transplantation (RTx) are observed in patients younger than 5 years and weighing less than 15 kg. However the subgroup of patients below 15 kg requiring RTx is a very unique group that has never been assessed previously regarding the role of concomitant lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in the success of RTx. The authors had retrospectively detailed the lower urinary tract management and compared outcomes in pediatric renal transplant (RTx) recipients weighing less than 15 kg, between 17 patients with LUTD and 51 without LUTD. While no lower urinary tract surgery had been required for the patients without LUTD, almost 50% of the patients with LUTD had required some form of lower urinary tract reconstruction and, in 30% a temporary incontinent urinary diversion had been placed at RTx since lower urinary tract function could not have been assessed reliably, the patients had not been collaborative enough to be involved in a voiding program and/or the need for proceeding with clinically too urgent RTx before accomplishing lower urinary tract reconstruction. Augmentation had been postponed until the graft function stabilized and also unnecessary hydrodistention have been avoided in case of a preRTx-accomplished augmentation in an anuric patient. No difference in patient survival, graft survival, and glomerular filtration rates between groups had been found. Authors conclude that concomitant LUTD does not adversely influence the outcome of RTx in patients who weigh less than 15 kg. However retrospective nature and limited number of patients are drawbacks of this study. Kamil Yakupoğlu EDITORIAL COMMENTBladder function in an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient after kidney transplantation (KT) is a still unclear issue. After a long time of being defunctionalized, it is not known how the bladder achieves its normal functions again after KT. In this retrospective cohort study, 622 patients who received KT because of ESRD were reviewed. Duration of dialysis before KT was 59.4+-60.74 months, and the mean bladder capacity on pre-KT VCUG was 300.1+-149.8 ml. In 88 (14.1%) patients the bladder capacity was found to be under 100 ml (mean 82.2+-22.0 ml). In this group, the mean duration of dialysis was 98.6+-57.2 months. 42 (47.7%) patients had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and 4 (4.5%) had high postvoid residual urine (PVR). In the multivariate analysis, longer duration of dialysis, high PVR and having VUR were found as the significant factors associated with small bladder capacity. Lower urinary tract dysfunction after KT according low and normal bladder capacity was found as 4.5% (4 patients) and 5.2% (28 patients) respectively. Low pre-KT bladder volume is not always a problem after KT in ESRD. We must be alert in patients especially with previous bladder problems, VUR and high PVR.

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is one of the rarest congenital urological anomalies. In epispadias, prepuce is usually a redundant tissue located on the ventral part of penis. Diagnosis is easily made on physical examination. The presence of a complete prepuce associated with epispadias is rare, and diagnosis can be difficult. A 2.5-year-old male patient was admitted to our center for circumcision. Preputial skin was intact and patient presented with a concealed penis. In this paper, we report an unusual case with epispadias and a concealed penis. The patient was managed with a one-stage reconstruction. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Epispadias; physical examination; penis Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Epispadyas en nadir doğumsal ürolojik anormalliklerden birisidir. Epispadyasta sünnet derisi genellikle penisin ön kısmında yerleşmiş fazlalık bir dokudur. Epispadyasla ilişkili tam bir sünnet derisinin varlığı nadirdir ve tanı zor olabilir. İki buçuk yaşında bir erkek hasta merkezimize sünnet için kabul edildi. Sünnet derisi sağlamdı ve hasta gömülü bir penisle karşımıza çıktı. Bu olgu sunumunda epispadyas ve gömülü penisi olan sıradışı bir olguyu sunuyoruz. Hasta tek aşamalı bir rekonstriksiyonla tedavi edildi. A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Epispadyas; fizik muayene, beden muayenesi; penis T Tu ur rk ki iy ye e K Kl li in ni ik kl le er ri i J J M Me ed d S Sc ci i 2 20 01 13 3; ;3 33 3((2 2