This study was carried out on the hilly topographic area in Kundasang, Sabah. This area is known to be extremely prone to landslides that occurred either naturally or by human interference to natural slopes. Aerial photographs interpretation was conducted in order to identify landslide distributions across three assessment years (2012, 2009 and 1984

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Flooding is one of the major natural disasters in Sabah, Malaysia. Several recent cases of catastrophic flooding were recorded mainly in Kg. Kolopis area, Sabah. Heavy monsoon rainfall has triggered floods and caused significant damage in Kg. Kolopis area. The 2014 floods have affected 5,000 peoples. The objectives of this paper are (i) to determine the Flood Hazard Level (FHL) and (ii) to identify the factors contributing to the flood occurrences. In this study, eight (8) parameters were considered in relation to the causative factors to flooding, which are: rainfall, slope gradient, elevation, drainage density, land use, soil textures, slope curvatures and flow accumulation Flood Hazard Analysis (FHAn) map were produced based on the data collected from the field survey, laboratory analysis, high resolution digital radar images (IFSAR) acquisition, and secondary data in three (3) different period (2002, 2008 and 2014). FHL was defined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model integrated with GIS software. The developed model will be a precious resource for consulting, planning agencies and local governments in managing risk, land-use zoning and remediation efforts to mitigate risks. Moreover, the technique applied in this study can easily be extended to other areas, where other factors may be considered, depending on the availability of data.

Flooding is one of the main natural disasters in Sabah, Malaysia. Several current cases of disastrous flooding were recorded particularly in Penampang area, Sabah (e.g. July 1999; October 2010; April 2013; October & December 2014). Substantial downpour has triggered floods and caused extreme loss in Penampang area. The 2014 floods have affected 40,000 people from 70 villages. The objectives of this research are (i) To determine the factors contributing to the flood occurrences; (ii) To analyst the Flood Susceptibility Level (FSL); and (iii) and to produce the flood hazard map for the study area. In this study, eight (8) parameters were considered in relation to the causative factors to flooding, which are: rainfall, slope gradient, elevation, drainage density, land use, soil textures, slope curvatures and flow accumulation. Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn) map was produced based on the data collected from the field survey, laboratory analysis, high resolution digital radar images (IFSAR) acquisition, and secondary data in year 2014. FSL was defined using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique integrated with GIS software. Based on the FSAn, approximately 3.17% of total study area classified as Very High Hazard (VHH), 4.55% as High Hazard (HH), 15.52% as Moderate Hazard (MH), 15.72% as Low Hazard (LH) dan 61.04% as Very Low Hazard (VLH) respectively. Based on the risk rate, requirements for the development procedure has been recommended in this paper. The map produced will be a very useful source for consulting, planning agencies and local governments in managing risk, land-use zoning and redressal efforts to mitigate risks. Besides, the method used in this study can easily be applied to other areas, where other factors may be considered, depending on the convenience of data.

Soil erosion is one of the leading causes of soil degradation and is often associated with agricultural intensification, deforestation and human activities that did not take care of environmental sustainability. Assessing the soil erosion is essential, and therefore, detail assessment on the prediction of soil erosion and its impacts has been carried out spatially using the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) at the Minitod area, Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia. The parameters of the RUSLE model were determined using the Geographical Information System (GIS). There are six factors parameter maps were considered in RUSLE; rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management(C) and conservation practice (P). These factors were calculated to determine their effects on annual soil erosion in the study area. About 36.65% of the study area was classified as very low, 16% as low, 15.71% as moderate, 21.59% as high and 10.09% as very high. Soil erosion hazard has been identified using the model and found to be significant in areas with a slope above 25°. All findings showed that integration of GIS could be used for spatial analysis on a regional scale. Production of the value maps can be applied to development planning areas, especially for housing and agriculture developments.