This study was carried out on the hilly topographic area in Kundasang, Sabah. This area is known to be extremely prone to landslides that occurred either naturally or by human interference to natural slopes. Aerial photographs interpretation was conducted in order to identify landslide distributions across three assessment years (2012, 2009 and 1984

The geo logy of the Kota Kinabalu area provides a favourab le settin g for enginee ring geological instabili ty. Kota Kinaba lu is underl a in by the Late Eocene-Early Miocene Crocker Formati on and Quaternary A lluvium. The Crocker Formation is composed of thick sa ndstone unit, interbed ded sandstone-shale unit and shale unit. These rock units are dissected by numerous lineaments w ith co mpl ex structural sty les developed during seri es of regiona l Tertiary tectoni c activities. The tectonic co mplexiti es reduced the phys ical and engineering properties of th e roc k masses and produced in tensive di splace ments and di scontinuiti es among the strata , res ulting in hi gh degree of weatherin g process and insta bili ty. The weathered materia ls are un stabl e and may cause subsidence, slidin g and fa lling indu ced by hi gh pore pressure subj ected by both sha llow and deep hydrodynamic processes. This paper describes the engineering geo log ica l investigation, appreciation of the complex geo logy, exami nation of material properties under spec ifi c geo logical laboratory tests, field test ing and mapping, verification of the mechani sm of fai lure and the deduced possible causes of s lope fa ilures, settlement, land subsidence and found ation instability. Much of the fi ndings could not have been ascertained w ithout sound understanding of the site geo log ical evoluti on, inh erited un fav ourable geo logical re lics and the peculi ar but hazardou s eng ineering properties in the Kota Kinaba lu area. Geo logical evaluation shou ld be pri oriti zed and take into consideration in th e ini tia l step in all infrastructure program. Thi s engineering geo logical study may playa vital ro le in eng ineering geo logica l pro bl ems assessment to ensure the publi c safety ..

This study focused on the Landslide Susceptibility Analysis (LSA) of the Karak highway, which link the Genting Sempah to Bentong area, Pahang. The physical relief of the study area is largely flat to undulating and moderately rough to steep mostly. The aims of this study are to identify the landslide prone area and to produce the Landslide Susceptibility Level (LSL) map using Weighted Overlay Method (WOM) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from imagery and aerial photograph interpretations followed by field work observation. The topographic, geologic data and satellite images were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using image processing. The factors that influence landslide occurrences such as slope gradient, slope aspect, topographic curvature and distance from drainage were retrieved from the topographic database. Geomorphology, lithology and geological structure were generated from the geologic database; whereas land use and soil types from SPOT satellite data image. Several areas are considered as susceptible, such as areas of Ladang Fook Who, Kg. Temiang, Ladang Ng Chin Siu, Kemajuan Tanah Genting Pandak, Kg. Lentang, Kg. Baharu Bt. Tinggi and Ladang Pandak. To avoid or minimize the landslide occurrences, development planning has to consider the hazard and environmental management program. This engineering geological study may play a vital role in Landslide Risk Management (LRM) to ensure the public safety.

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Earthquakes are one of the most common and widely distributed natural risks to life and property. There is a need to identify the possible risk by assessing the vulnerability of the research area. The topic on Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment (EVAs) in Malaysia is very new and received little attention from geoscientists and engineers. Taking the 5.0 Ranau Earthquake 2015 as research study, the research's main objective was to identify the social vulnerability and environment vulnerability on that area. The framework was formulated semi quantitively through the development of database for risk elements (properties) based on the information from secondary data, literature review and fieldwork. The vulnerability parameter includes social status (injury, fatalities, safety, loss of accommodation and public awareness) and interference of environment (affected period, daily operation and diversity). Each considered parameter in the vulnerability parameter is allocated with certain index value ranges from 0 (0% damage/victims/period),0.25 (1-25% damage/victim/period), 0.50 (26-50% damage/victims/periods), 0.75 (damage/victims/period), and 1.0 (75-100% damage/victim/periods). The value obtained from field work are calculated by using formula and are classified into five classes of vulnerability namely class 1 (<0.20): Very Low Vulnerability: Class 2 (0.21-0.40): Low Vulnerability; Class 3 (0.41-0.60); Medium Vulnerability; Class 4 (0.61-0.80): High Vulnerability; and Class 5 (>0.81): Very High Vulnerability only. Results from this study indicate that a further study is needed to the area of high to very high vulnerability only. This approach is suitable as a guideline for preliminary development in the research area and potentially to be extended with different background and environments.