A peak flow meter will measure the ability to push air out of the lungs; the lungs are one of the body's most vital organs. The commonly used method is to deploy a peak flow meter, which uses mechanical systems. This mechanical system is prone to a high error rate of reading, and as a result, a more accurate and reliable means becomes inevitable. This paper describes the design and implementation of a micro-controller-based portable peak flow meter, which can be used to provide accurate data for the diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. In the heart of the system are the programmable Mega Arduino microcontroller and a device called MPX5100GP sensor, which has a pressure range of 0-100 Kpa to detect a patient breath. The device was equipped with a display facility, which uses Nextion touch TFT output to display related tests and examinations. There is also a provision to store the results data using SD Card, while a printer prints the test results for further diagnostic purposes. An experimental setup in the laboratory shows that the designed micro-controller-based PFM shows that the error rate was between 0.50 % and 4.21 % compared with the mechanical-based peak flow meter. The application of micro-controller-based peak flow meters also allows real-time and remote monitoring of peak flow parameters. The evolution of modern technology has made the possibility of developing a micro-controller based portable, peak flow meters, which can be used to measure the data involved in the diagnosis of lung-related diseases more accurately.

Vital signs are an important component of monitoring the adult or child patient's progress during hospitalization, as they allow for the prompt detection of delayed recovery or adverse events. Vital signs are measured to obtain basic indicators of a patient's health status. The most common intervention performed in hospital medicine is a measurement of vital signs, and these traditionally consist of blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Advanced monitoring systems incorporate a balanced combination of clinical and technological aspects to give an innovative healthcare outcome. Remote patient monitoring systems are rapidly becoming the core of healthcare deliveries. The paradigm shifted from traditional and manual recording to computer-based electronic records and further to smartphones as versatile and innovative healthcare monitoring systems. This research aims to design a Vital Sign Monitoring device for BPM and SpO2 Parameters with Notifications through the IoT-Based Telegram application. This device can monitor vital signs, especially BPM and SPO2, wherever the patient is and whenever so that doctors or health workers and patients can find out their health condition. This display can be viewed via web thinger.io, then forwarded to telegram if an abnormal patient condition is found, and there is an indicator light that will light up differently for each condition. This study uses the MAX30100, which is a digital sensor to detect oxygen saturation and heart rate. The results of this study have succeeded in displaying data on the IoT web and sending notifications to the Telegram application. And also, the resulting data has an error that does not exceed the allowable limit according to each parameter. The difference between heart rate readings and oxygen saturation values ​​on the device and patient monitor is 0.015% for heart rate and 0.01% for oxygen saturation. This study indicates that it is time to monitor vital signs that can be seen remotely and have a system that is an inexpensive and easy-to-operate device for health workers without interfering with activities of daily living.

Today, there is a tendency to forget that there are still many locations in the world which do not have an electrical connection to a central utility network. Furthermore, in many places due to remoteness and cost, it is unlikely that a main grid connection will ever be established. However the need for power still exists. Nigeria is abundantly blessed with all major sources of energy; solar power, wind, geothermal and bio-energy. But my country lacks the expertise to control and utilize these sources of power. Many remote areas of developing countries like Nigeria lacked supply of conventional energy sources (oil, grid extension) due to cost and poor infrastructure. However, many of them are also fortunate enough to live in the proximity to potential indigenous renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, and wind. This paper presents the concept of using more than one renewable energy sources/technologies in solving the energy problem of rural or remote centers, especially in a region with renewable energy potential.

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A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to non-invasively measure arterial blood pressure. To ensure the accuracy of this device, it must be calibrated. The equipment used to calibrate this tool is a Digital Pressure Meter (DPM). This study aims to build a DPM device equipped with SD card storage. The device runs on the MPX5050GP sensor, the measurement results are displayed on a 16x4 Liquid Crystal Display Character (LCD)   This device is also equipped with a leakage test timer, and data storage on the SD Card will be displayed in Notepad (txt) form. The variables measured in data collection were positive pressure and leakage test. The DPM feature of the Rigel Medical UNI-SiM Calibrator is used as the gold standard tool for comparing device accuracy. From the comparison with the gold standard, the smallest error is 0.00% and the largest error is 0.11% on the positive pressure variable and the error is 0.26. % on the leak test variable. The GEA Medical MI-2001 Mercury Sphygmomanometer was used as an under test standard with the smallest measurement error of 0.00% and the largest error of 0.81% and the value of the leak test error compared to the DPM Module which was 0.9%. Data storage is still manual. Automating data retrieval and transfer to computers or other digital gadgets will make it easier for officers who use this DPM tool. The next research will be good using web applications like data storage and processing.