Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity globally, more in developing countries. Frequent monitoring of changing pattern of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis is mandatory for effective treatment. Objectives: This study was done to isolate and identify different organisms of sepsis and to compare different types of organisms between early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Microbiology in collaboration with Department of Neonatology, (DMCH) Dhaka. Blood sample was collected from 106 clinically suspected septicemic neonates and isolation and identification of organism was done by automated blood culture and standard microbiological protocol. Data was collected from attendants by filling a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Among 106 samples, 76 (71.69%) were bloodculture positive. Prevalence of (LONS) was higher 42 (55.26%) in comparison to (EONS) 34 (44.74%). Male neonates were affected more 42 (55.26%) than female 34 (44.74%). Among the isolated organisms, Enterobacter spp. was the predominant organism 20 (26.31%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 18 (23.68%) and Candida spp. 12 (15.79%). Conclusion: Gram-negative organisms play the leading role for causing neonatal sepsis and Enterobacter outbreak should be concerned. Therefore, regular surveillance of organism profile causing neonatal sepsis is of utmost necessity. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-1, April 2020, Page 14-20

Public- Private Partnership (PPP) describes a government service or private business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private sector companies. The term public refers to government including both central and local level state institutions. Defining private sector has become complicated due to the emergence of a large number of institutions called NGOs. The distinction of the private sector and NGOs is often blurred due to various sizes, functions and objectives of NGOs. The simplest way to distinguish between these two is: in case of profit private sector encompassing commercial enterprises of any size and for non-profit private including NGOs sector, which provides voluntary services. This review has grouped both the profit private sector, and non-profit NGOs under the term private sector. It also highlights PPP concept, importance, financing approaches as well as examples of model partnership in health sector in particular DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18843 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 42-45

Background: Thyroid dysfunction, a common endocrine disorder that increasing day by day. Hypothyroidism occasionally occurs in diabetic patients especially those with poor glycemic control. Objectives: The objective of the study was to observe the effect of glycemic control on thyroid hormones level in type 2 diabetic patients & to determine selected socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Methods: This was a case control study carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sixty subjects of both male and female age ranged from 40 to 60 years were included in this study. Among them thirty were type 2 diabetic patients (both uncontrolled and controlled) and another thirty were included for comparison as control and were matched by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Both case and control group were selected purposively based on selection criteria. Serum TSH, FT4 and FT3 levels were measured by chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Fasting blood glucose level was estimated by glucose oxidase (GOD) method and blood HbA1c level was estimated by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Bonferroni test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Data quality control was done by using a checklist. Results: In this study, mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in uncontrolled diabetic patients than that of controlled diabetic patients. Serum FT4 level was significantly lower in uncontrolled diabetic patients in comparison to that of controlled diabetic patients. Besides these, serum TSH level was positively correlated (r = +0.575), serum FT4 and FT3 levels were negatively correlated (r =  ̶ 0.588, r =  ̶ 0.527) with HbA1c level in uncontrolled diabetic patients and all these relationships were statistically significant p≤0.05 respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that hypothyroidism occurs in type 2 diabetic patients which were found only in uncontrolled diabetic patients due to their poor glycemic control. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 29-34

Background: Blood group is one of the major genetic risk factors for developing different types of malignancy throughout the world. Objectives: To find out the susceptible blood group in ABO and Rhesus systems in patients with malignancy. Methods and Materials: This study was one at KYAMCH cancer center, Enayetpur, Sirajganj, from October 2018 to February 2019. Total 150 cancer patients attending OPD were included irrespective of age, sex, socioeconomic status. ABO and Rhesus blood groups were determined in laboratory by standard methods. Results: Among 150 patients, 55% were female and 45% were male. Malignancy was predominant in the age group of41-50 years (25.3%) and 33.33% patients were found to have O blood group. Out of the patients, 98.7% had Rh positive of all blood groups of which 32% was belonged to blood group O. Metastasis was found among 34.66% patients and out of this 14.67% were having O blood group. Among 22 metastatic O blood group patients, 90.9% was Rh positive and 9.09% was Rh negative. Conclusion: Various types of malignancy are common among O positive blood group. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-3, October 2019, Page 133-136

Background: Thyroid dysfunction specially hypothyroidism may occur in type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: To observe thyroid function status in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Total 60 subjects including male and female, age ranged from 40 to 60 years were included in this study, among them 30 were non-diabetic subjects and 30 were type 2 diabetic patients. Results: In this study, mean serum TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher and serum FT4 level was significantly (p<0.01) lower in diabetic patients than that of apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects. Serum FT3 level was lower in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison to that of non-diabetic subjects but the difference was not statistically significant. However, among the diabetic patients 10% were subclinical hypothyroid and 6.67% were hypothyroid. Conclusion: The present study reveals that hypothyroidism occurs in type 2 diabetic patients. So type 2 diabetic patients should measure thyroid hormone levels routinely to detect thyroid dysfunction.