Research in entrepreneurship field has magnetized the interest of many researchers as a tool of development for many countries. The study of the factors that leads people to become entrepreneurs has been a question of many researchers. This study explores the relationship between the Big-Five personality factors, contextual factors and entrepreneurial intention. As such, it fits squarely into the literature on the antecedents of entrepreneurship. Previous research has focused on the need for achievement as well as social psychological characteristics such as attitude and self-efficacy. This study looks at the extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, neuroticism, perceived barriers, perceived support and close support which are determinants of entrepreneurial intention. The data was gathered from 123 undergraduate students at one of the university branch campuses in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Data collection was based on voluntary basis, informed consent, and anonymity. Regression analyses indicate that entrepreneurial intention is positively correlated with extraversion, openness, and close support. In the final section, we discuss these results and discover a future research agenda.

This paper examines the relationship between OCBs and turnover intention. The sample consisted of 557 non manager employees across 63 hotels in Malaysia. Managers' ratings of employees' OCBs were collected and matched with 557 employees' self ratings of turnover intention and demographic. Factor analysis of OCB items revealed a new dimension of OCB, labeled as patience, together with four common dimensions -helping behavior, conscientiousness, sportsmanship and civic virtue. Consistent with cognitive consistency theory, the results show that helping behavior, Asian Social ScienceJune, 2009 109 conscientiousness, patience and civic virtue were significantly and negatively related to turnover intention. Moreover, the OCB dimensions explained a meaningful portion (25%) of the turnover intention measure. The results indicated that gender moderated the relationship between helping behavior and turnover intention and this relationship was stronger for females than males. These results point to the importance of considering behavioral factors in effort to predict and manage employee turnover.

This study aims to verify direct relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance and the interaction of the perceived environment as third variable on EO-performance relation. The study was conducted on 210 firms among Bumiputera small and medium enterprises (BSMEs) in three states of northern Peninsular Malaysia, namely Penang, Kedah and Perlis. Using factor analysis and varimax rotation, each component was loaded with three items that has value of factor loadings more than .40. Factor analysis identified four factors of EO as independent variable namely, autonomy, innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking dimensions. Perceived environmental factors consisted of five dimensions of munificence, turbulence, competition, market dynamism, and restrictiveness identified as moderators. Three dependent variables identified as return on sales (ROS) return on assets (ROA) and return on capital (ROC) used in the study. Four control variables of sole proprietorship; partnership, private limited company and small-sized firm were dummy-coded to ascertain their influence in performance. EO dimensions are multidimensional where each of the four dimensions is a separate component. Each of the components consists of three items. Hypothesis testing utilized four steps hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Four steps model shown in F-value and positive beta coefficient shows the statistical significance of direct relation and interaction effect. In the first step of the analysis, two control variables directly affected ROS. The second step of the analysis found direct relation of three EO dimensions related to higher performance. In the third step, all perceived environmental factors found directly related with performance. The fourth step detected interaction effect where significant model and beta coefficients further tested with post-hoc probing by curve analysis on 2x2 graphs. Perceived environmental factors moderated the relationship between EO and performance

In recent years, mobile phone has evolved from essentially an interpersonal communication device to a multimedia machine known as "smartphone". The usage rate of smartphone in Malaysia is still slow comparing to her neighbour, Singapore. Among all states in Malaysia, Perlis was reported to be the lowest smartphone users. This study attempts to investigate the antecedents that shaped the purchase intention of smartphone among adolescents in Perlis. A total of 379 close-ended questionnaires were distributed among young adults aged 19-26 who lives in Perlis. The questionnaires contained measures of relative advantages, price, social influence, compatibility as well as demographic information. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regressions. The study suggests that it is vital for the organization to understand their target market's preferences before embarking on their marketing activities.

Questions on ways to retain loyal customers and attract potential future customers in an Islamic financial institution led to a study on customer relationship marketing (CRM) strategies at the Pilgrims Fund Corporation or Tabung Haji (TH). This study aims to determine whether customer relationship marketing (CRM) influenced by the variables -customers' satisfaction, employees' commitment, customers' trust and customers' loyalty. Questionnaires and personal interviews with the respondents were used. 152 registered Tabung Haji depositors were selected as sample size. It was found that there is a significant relationship between customer relationship marketing-the four dependent variables. Findings from this study showed strong positive relationship between customer relationship marketing and customers' satisfaction (81%), customers' trust (77.8%), employees' commitment (76.2%) and customers' loyalty (69.5%). Findings from this study will help Tabung Haji to utilize appropriate customer relationship marketing strategies to retain the loyalty of existing customers. Simultaneously, Tabung Haji should make the most of its customer relationship marketing strategies (CRM) to attract future potential customers. It is hoped that Tabung Haji will be a progressive, dynamic and innovative financial institution through the utilization of appropriate strategies in customer relationship marketing (CRM).