Ce travail a pour objectif de déterminer les zones favorables à la recharge de la nappe de Bonoua par approche cartographique et système d’information géographique (SIG). La détermination de ces zones potentielles de recharge de la nappe a nécessité le croisement des informations spatiales relatives aux différents paramètres régissant la recharge qui sont exprimés en cartes thématiques. Une reclassification suivie d’une pondération de ces paramètres a été faite selon leur degré d’implication dans le processus de recharge par l’analyse multicritère Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) de Saaty. Ils sont par la suite intégrés dans un SIG afin d’établir la carte des zones potentielles de recharge de la nappe. L’analyse de cette carte a révélé cinq classes, dont une classe de bonne recharge couvrant 66 % de la zone étudiée. Celle-ci est localisée en majorité dans la partie centrale de la nappe, précisément dans le Continental Terminal, constitué principalement de sables grossiers avec des pentes relativement faibles où le sol est occupé par des cultures industrielles. Les zones de faible recharge (34 % de la zone étudiée) sont localisées sur les bordures ouest et est de la zone d’étude sur les sols hydromorphes. Cette carte de répartition spatiale de la recharge peut être considérée comme un support d’aide à la décision, notamment pour la gestion de la ressource en eau et l’analyse de la vulnérabilité des eaux souterraines. Les zones de recharge préférentielle méritent une attention particulière des autorités par l’instauration de mesures de protection.
Sustainable management of Ivory Coast's freshwater reserve at a catchment scale is an essential way in the policies of land use sustainable management. Thus, the implementation of physical conceptual semi-distributed SWAT model required a good knowledge of the watershed and a large number of physic-chemical data available that have been prior adapted to Ivory Coast's climatic and soil conditions. The whole simulation span was divided into calibration set (1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986) and validation set (1987)(1988)(1989)(1990). The SUFI-2 algorithm was used for parameters optimization. The sensitivity analysis focused on 8 parameters related to runoff, soil, evaporation, main channel and groundwater. The performance criteria were based on the P-factor, R-factor and the two objective functions which are Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and the coefficient of determination. Although Taabo river basin like African basins suffers from a significant lack of data, the objective functions showed the robustness of the model to climate variability. The calibration launched during a wet period gave objective functions higher than 0.7 while validation performed in less humid period gave performance criteria around 0.6. During the simulation period, Taabo river basin daily green water ranged from 0.044 to 50.257 mm/day with a total average of 3,090.9 mm per year. As for blue water, it is ranged from 0.032 to 0.552 mm/day with an annual total average of 29.19 mm.
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is mainly prevalent in developing countries (Abaidoo et al., 2019;S. Keita, 2001;Owusu et al., 2019). A few years ago, small-scale mining was estimated to account for 15%-20% of global non-fuel mineral production (Hentschel et al., 2002). Although the African continent is home to some of the world's most coveted mineral resources, this favorable geological context has largely failed to lead it toward an equitable and sustainable development trajectory (Hilson, 2002). In some African countries, extreme poverty (A. Keita, 2017;Owusu & Dwomoh, 2012) and crop failures due to climate change are driving rural populations, consisting mainly of farmers, to engage in artisanal mining to meet their daily needs. Artisanal mining is currently the most important rural non-farm activity in Africa (Hilson, 2020). It
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