West African basins play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the region. They are mostly trans-boundary and sources of different land use practices. This work attempts to assess the spatio-temporal land use and land cover changes over three South Western African basins (Volta, Mono and Sassandra basins) and their influence on discharge. The land use and land cover maps of each basin were developed for 1988, 2002 and 2016. The results show that all the studied basins present an increase in water bodies, built-up, agricultural land and a decline in vegetative areas. These increases in water bodies and land use are as a result of an increase in small reservoirs, of dugouts and of dam constructions. However, the decline in some vegetative clusters could be attributed to the demographic and socio-economic growth as expressed by the expansion of agriculture and urbanization. The basic statistical analysis of precipitation and discharge data reveals that the mean annual discharge varies much more than the total annual precipitation at the three basins. For instance, in the entire Volta basin, the annual precipitation coefficient of variation (CV) is 10% while the annual discharge CV of Nawuni, Saboba and Bui are 43.6%, 36.51% and 47.43%, respectively. In Mono basin, the annual precipitation CV is 11.5% while the Nangbeto and Athieme annual discharge CV are 37.15% and 46.60%, respectively. The annual precipitation CV in Sassandra basin is 7.64% while the annual discharge CV of Soubre and Dakpadou are 29.41% and 37%, respectively. The discharge varies at least three times much more than the precipitation in the studied basins. The same conclusion was found for all months except the driest months (December and January). We showed that this great variation in discharge is mainly due to land use and land cover changes. Beside the hydrological modification of the land use and land cover changes, the climate of the region as well as the water quality and availability and the hydropower generation may be impacted by these changes in land surfaces conditions. Therefore, these impacts should be further assessed to implement appropriate climate services and measures for a sustainable land use and water management.
Dans le département de Bongouanou, l’essentiel de l’approvisionnement en eau potable de la population est assuré par les eaux souterraines contenues dans les aquifères de socle des granites et des schistes. Malheureusement, plus de 20 % des forages réalisés sont négatifs, en raison de leur trop faible productivité. Ce travail a donc pour objectif d’améliorer la connaissance de ce type d'aquifère et d’évaluer ses potentialités en eau souterraine. Pour ce faire, des analyses statistiques des paramètres hydrogéologiques de 230 forages réalisés dans le département de Bongouanou ont été effectuées. Cet aquifère bénéficie d’une recharge moyenne annuelle de 145 mm. La moyenne du débit des forages est de 4,34 m3•h‑1 et la transmissivité moyenne est de 1,5•10‑4 m2•s‑1. Les aquifères de socle de la région de Bongouanou sont donc modestement productifs, caractéristique typique des milieux de socle altérés. Les résultats statistiques révèlent que les schistes, qui occupent plus de 80 % du territoire, sont plus productifs que les granites. Généralement, les forages implantés sur les pentes et les fonds de vallée, dans cette région, présentent des débits plus importants que ceux des plateaux. L’influence de l’altération sur la productivité des forages est démontrée. Statistiquement, elle se traduit par une relation apparente entre l’épaisseur des altérites meubles (saprolite) et la productivité. Ainsi, pour des épaisseurs de saprolite inférieures à 15 m (interprétées comme dues à l’absence de l’horizon fissuré perméable sous-jacent) et supérieures à 60 m (interprétées comme dues au fait que le forage recoupe une discontinuité subverticale argilisée), les débits sont très faibles. On observe aussi que ce sont seulement les 30 premiers mètres de l’horizon fissuré, situé juste sous la base des altérites meubles, qui sont les plus perméables, et donc les plus productifs; au-delà de cette limite, la perméabilité diminue sensiblement avec la profondeur. Ainsi, dans cette région, à partir de la surface du sol, les profondeurs optimales les plus productives en eau souterraine sont comprises entre 40 et 70 m pour les granites et 40 à 80 m pour les schistes. Enfin, ce travail permet de proposer un modèle conceptuel de la structure et des propriétés hydrodynamiques des aquifères de socle de cette région de la Côte d’Ivoire.In the department of Bongouanou in the Ivory Coast, the potable water supply for the population is mainly assured by groundwater that is continuous in a hard rock aquifer of granite and schist. Unfortunately, more than 20% of bore holes that are drilled prove to be negative, because of their too weak productivity. The objective of this work was to improve the knowledge of this typical aquifer and to estimate its potential as a source of groundwater. To this end, statistical analyses of hydrogeological parameters from 230 drillings realized in the department have been carried out. For an annual average recharge of the aquifer of 145 mm, the average flow of drillings is 4.34 m3•h‑1 and the average transmissivity is 1.5•1...
Satellite precipitation products are widely used in different domain, in area where there is a lack in observation. These have different spatio-temporal resolutions consequently resulting in different precipitation amounts depending on the product. The present study validates three satellite products, namely the Climate Hazard group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), the Climate Research Unit (CRU) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) over Bandama and Mono river basins for 1981-2005 and 1981-2016 respectively by comparing them to the observation precipitation of the basin. The available studies are focused on the regional scale but not on a watershed scale for hydrological studies. The analysis reveals that all the products are strongly correlated to each other as well as to the observed data at basin level. The Lamb coefficient test shows that most all the chosen basin namely Bandama and Mono presents the same climatic indices. All the products present the same variability and trend as the observation at basins scale.
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