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There are few studies regarding the effects of mechanical stimulation on cell migration although biochemical factors have been widely studied. We have investigated the effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) on mesenchymal stem cell migration with or without neighboring endothelial cells (EC). IHP promoted MSCs migration and the neighboring ECs helped with this. However, when IHP was applied to MSCs cultured with ECs, the opposite effect was observed. The concentration of stromal-derived factor-1 culture in medium was measured to explain the obtained results. SDF-1 concentration increased as IHP increased when MSCs were cultured alone. However, it decreased as IHP increased when MSCs and ECs were co-cultured. These results indicate that the mechanical environment should be considered when studying the migration of a cell type along with its biochemical environment.

In this study, we investigated the effects of combinational stimulation consisting of cyclic tension and intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts without biochemical agents. For this, we designed a novel bioreactor which can engage tensile stimuli and IHP simultaneously. We classified experimental groups based on types of stimulation such as NS (no stimuli), IHP (intermittent hydrostatic pressure), TS (tension stimuli), and CS (combinational stimulation). After engaging stimulation, we conducted various biological analyses; DNA contents, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, von Kossa staining. As results, higher DNA contents were observed in the groups under mechanical stimulation regardless of its type than control group. And amounts of ALP normalized by DNA contents in the groups of IHP and TS were higher than those in group CS. Von Kossa staining in groups of IHP and TS showed higher mineral deposition than those in group CS. As a result, single stimulation such as IHP or tensile stimulation showed positive effects, but the combinational stimulation did not show comparable effects on the osteogenesis of MSCs.

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