The recent advancement of water stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) expands the application of this unique porous material. This review article aims at studying their applications in terms of five major areas: adsorption, membrane separation, sensing, catalysis, and proton conduction. These applications are either conducted in a water-containing environment or directly targeted on water treatment processes. The representative and significant studies in each area were comprehensively reviewed and discussed for perspectives, to serve as a reference for researchers working in related areas. At the end, a summary and future outlook on the applications of water stable MOFs are suggested as concluding remarks.

Temperature-dependent Raman scattering is performed on unsupported vertical graphene sheets, which are approximate to free graphene without supporting the substrate. Here the observed G peak line shift with temperature is completely consistent with the theoretical prediction based on the first-principles calculation on free graphene, and our result is helpful to understand intrinsic anharmonic phonon characteristics of free graphene and the divergence on the G peak line shift with temperature. However, the observed linewidth variation is different from the prediction. To reveal the origins, a simplified Klemens model is used, and the dominating anharmonic phonon scattering mechanism is explored. In addition, line shift and linewidth variations of D and 2D peaks of the graphene sheets with temperature are revealed, and the possible mechanisms dominating the results are discussed.

Abstract. Image segmentation is essential for many automated microscopy image analysis systems. Rather than treating microscopy images as general natural images and rushing into the image processing warehouse for solutions, we propose to study a microscope's optical properties to model its image formation process first using phase contrast microscopy as an exemplar. It turns out that the phase contrast imaging system can be relatively well explained by a linear imaging model. Using this model, we formulate a quadratic optimization function with sparseness and smoothness regularizations to restore the "authentic" phase contrast images that directly correspond to specimen's optical path length without phase contrast artifacts such as halo and shade-off. With artifacts removed, high quality segmentation can be achieved by simply thresholding the restored images. The imaging model and restoration method are quantitatively evaluated on two sequences with thousands of cells captured over several days.