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During CPE, NIPSV accelerates the improvement of respiratory failure compared to CPAP but does not affect primary clinical outcome either in overall population or in subgroups of patients with hypercapnia or those with high B-type natriuretic peptide.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effect and tolerance profile of acupuncture versus intravenous (IV) titrated morphine in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with renal colic.Materials and methodsA total of 115 patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the IV titrated-morphine group (n=61) received 0.1 mg/kg morphine every 5 minutes until pain score dropped by at least 50% of its baseline value. Patients in the acupuncture group (n=54) received an acupuncture session of 30 minutes following a prespecified protocol. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity at baseline and at 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following the start of the treatment protocol. Possible treatment side effects were also recorded.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the two groups concerning age, sex, or baseline VAS score. From the 10th minute until the end of the intervention, acupuncture was associated with a deeper analgesic effect than titrated morphine (P<0.05 from the 10th minute and over). Analgesia was also faster in the acupuncture group, with time to obtain 50% reduction of baseline VAS of 14 minutes in the acupuncture group versus 28 minutes in the IV titrated-morphine group (P<0.001). Only three patients in the acupuncture group experienced minor side effects versus 42 in the morphine group (P<0.001). No major side effects were observed in this study.ConclusionIn ED patients with renal colic, acupuncture was associated with a much faster and deeper analgesic effect and a better tolerance profile in comparison with titrated IV morphine.

BackgroundFew studies have identified the willingness rate of developing countries population to be enrolled in clinical trials.MethodsAll participants including patients (n = 612), healthy volunteers (n = 354) and doctors (n = 134) completed a questionnaire to examine factors affecting the consent to participate in medical research.ResultsOverall, 80 % of the included population agree to participate in health research. This rate was lower for trials dealing with life-threatening diseases (38 %). Altruism and perceived risk of harm were the main reason to respectively accept or refuse to participate in clinical trials. Factors significantly associated with willingness were: age <40 years (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.6 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.2-2.1]) and prior history of blood donation (OR 2.4 [95 % CI 1.7-3.5]).ConclusionMost participants expressed their willingness to be included in medical research especially if they are young or if they have history of blood donation. However, consent to participate is low when medical research required acute care.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0131-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.