Introduction:The main objective of root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. Although cleaning and shaping and use of antimicrobial medicaments are effective in reducing the bacterial load some bacteria do remain behind and multiply, causing reinfection of the canal. Considering the ineffectiveness, potential side effects and safety concerns of synthetic drugs, the herbal alternatives for endodontic usage might prove to be advantageous. Aim: To check the antimicrobial efficacy of Neem, Green Tea, Triphala and sodium hypochlorite against the endodontic microflora. Materials and Methods: Mixed cultures of bacteria were isolated from patients, with carious teeth and associated with periapical radiolucencies. A paper point was inserted into the canal to obtain a sample of a mixed culture of micro organisms. These paper points were cultured and agar diffusion test was done for the different irrigants. The irrigants were divided into Group I: Neem (60mg/ml in 10% DMSO),Group II: Green Tea Polyphenols (60mg/ml in 10% DMSO), Group III: Triphala (60 mg/ml in 10% DMSO), Group IV: 3% NaOCI, Group V: Sterile saline. Results: Sodium hypochlorite showed the maximum antimicrobial activity, followed by Neem. There was no statistical difference between the activity of sodium hypochlorite and Neem. This was followed by Triphala and Green Tea, respectively. Conclusion: Neem is as effective as Sodium Hypochlorite against endodontic microflora.

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Having knowledge of the cytotoxicity of various sealers will help in increasing patient's comfort.

Restoring vital teeth with minimal sacrifice of sound tooth structure depends mainly on adhesives that provide strong and durable bonding to the remaining sound enamel and dentin. Laboratory reports have proven that modern adhesives do effectively bond to tooth tissue in the short term. This article shows the various materials available other than composites that may enhance the strength of the tooth after restoration.