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In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) using Microstrip-coplanar waveguide structure (CPW) is presented. This filter consists of a microstrip line (on top), dielectric substrate (middle) and coplanar waveguide (on conductive ground). The proposed filter has been simulated and measured for UWB bandpass filter. The measured results demonstrate the UWB properties from 1.24 to 11.76 GHz (-10 dB bandwidth) and the potential to be wider. This paper also introduced another filter structure which works as a dual-band ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter. The dual-band operation was implemented by integrating a stub in the coupled conductors. The resonance of the stub introduces a narrow rejection band in the UWB passband which then results in a dual band filtering. Such a dual-band UWB bandpass filter is strongly required in a practical system in order to avoid the interference between the UWB radio systems and existing radio systems. The rejection band can be easily designed to some specific frequency band by tuning the length of the stub. The measured results demonstrate the ultrawideband properties from 1.0800 GHz to 5.5157 GHz (-10 dB bandwidth) and rejected performance 5.5157 GHz to 5.6157 GHz (-10 dB bandwidth).

The disruption of reproductive system leading to infertility can occur due to accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as pesticide residues in the reproductive tract and ovarian follicular fluid after their entry into blood of animals. Infertile adult female buffalo (100) from a slaughterhouse were utilized to assess the presence of pesticide residues in their blood and reproductive tract as well as the microscopic alterations in the tract. The pesticide residues were detected in 25% blood, 43% reproductive tract and 32% ovarian follicular fluid samples by gas chromatograph (GC) and were confirmed by gas chromatograph-mass spectroscope (GC-MS). Compared to blood, the pesticide residues were high in reproductive tract. The concomitant presence of specific pesticide residues was observed in blood, reproductive tract and follicular fluid. Histopathological alterations in pesticide-negative as well as low and highly pesticide-positive reproductive tracts of slaughtered buffaloes were 0.25±0.71, 1.87±2.23 and 3.65±1.68/sample, respectively. The major alterations were leiomyosarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, cystic ovarian degeneration, fibrotic/atrophic ovaries and cyst adenoma. In conclusion, the presence of pesticide residues in the reproductive tract of female buffalo, may be a factor contributing towards infertility.