Objective Gestational weight gain (GWG) is positively associated with birth weight and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is directly related to infant fat mass (FM). This study examined whether differences exist in infant body composition based on 2009 GWG recommendations. Study Design Body composition was measured in 306 infants and GWG was categorized as appropriate or excessive. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate the effects of GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI and their interaction on infant body composition. Results Within the appropriate group, infants from obese mothers had greater percent fat (%fat) and FM than offspring from normal and overweight mothers. Within the excessive group, infants from normal mothers had less %fat and FM than infants from overweight and obese mothers. A difference was found for %fat and FM within the overweight group between GWG categories. Conclusions Excessive GWG is associated with greater infant body fat and the effect is greatest in overweight women.

Despite a high burden of overweight, routine screening with BMI was not documented and few children received a formal diagnosis or treatment.

No abstract

In 2009, the US government mandated that all health care institutions and practitioners covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act must transition to a new set of codes for transmitting information about patients' conditions and treatments using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,. The transition, which was delayed twice, to these codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) took effect in October 2015. 1 Data from health care encounters coded as ICD-10 are just now becoming available and this change to the ICD-10 has rendered ICDcoded data more challenging to interpret and use.Hospitals use ICD-coded data to track and characterize patients, record treatments, monitor outcomes, and seek financial reimbursement from health insurance programs, whereas insurance programs use these data to track the health of those they insure. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), in particular, uses these data to identify specific patient cohorts for its quality measures and to define case mix at hospitals, which are relevant for assessments of care quality and determining penalties for suboptimal care. 2 Moreover, several CMS programs, including Medicare Advantage and Value-Based Purchasing, exclusively rely on ICD-coded data to define the expected care needs of patients and to influence payments. 2 In addition, these data have a critical role in clinical investigation, such as the assessment of disease epidemiology and health care use as well as surveillance of treatments. Even in the era of electronic health records, the identification of study populations and patient outcomes for clinical studies, including pragmatic clinical trials, often relies on ICD-coded data. Given the dependence on these data, the implications of this longawaited change merit attention.