Vi sammenligner konstant, men hvad skal der egentlig til for, at en sammenligning er meningsfuld, relevant, sjov, perspektivrig? Hvad får man ud af at sammenligne indiske rickshaws med franske taxaer, eller en sonnet af Shakespeare med en sonnet af Edward Kamau Brathwaite fra Barbados, eller Stanley Kubricks Eyes Wide Shut med den bog, som den filmatiserer, nemlig Arthur Schnitzlers Traumnovelle, eller orientalismen med orienten, nordlige med sydlige perspektiver, kvinder med maend, nutiden med fortiden, eller af at sammenligne ikke bare ord og billede men vaesensforskellige og institutionelt adskilte medier? At sammenligne er aldrig uskyldigt. Sammenligning er en basal akademisk metode, men det er også en saerlig disciplin inden for visse fag, og et saerligt problem. Som moderne disciplin blev komparatismen grundlagt i 1800-tallet, hvor den komparative metode blev udviklet til at sammenligne bl.a. de nye nationallitteraturer, der voksede frem sammen med de nye nationalstater. Siden da har komparatismen udvidet sit felt dramatisk. De komparative afdelinger for litteratur-og kulturstudier voksede eksplosivt op gennem det 20. århundrede, og man sammenlignede ikke bare litteratur, men også kunst, medier, film, etniske kulturtraditioner, religion etc. Ofte gik sammenligningerne Anmeldelser eRik SVendSen 195 Medialiseringens litteratur? Anmeldelse af Tore Rye Andersen et.al.: Litteratur mellem medier jøRn BoiSen 201 Globale strejftog i ny fransk litteratur Anmeldelse af Mads Anders Baggesgaard: Nye franske verdener foRSiden:
The focus of this article is the relation between time and transcultural space in literary history. The argument is that the concept of anachronism can help us understand the complexity of temporality and that the analysis of transcultural exchanges between European and Latin American art and literature may change literary history and further an understanding of the anachronism of Eurochronology. Two examples of a transcultural and anachronistic relation between Europe and America will be analyzed, both of them novels and writers of magical realism. Gabriel García Márquez’s novel Cien años de soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) is analyzed as a challenge to European historicity, while the transcultural aesthetics of Miguel Ángel Asturias is analyzed as a challenge to the understanding of avant-gardistic modernity. The analyses are carried out in critical dialogue with historicism and theories about world literature.
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